1961-2019年中国北方沙漠沙地极端气候变化特征及其影响因素  

Spatiotemporal variations of climate extremes and influential factors in deserts and sandy fields of northern China from 1961 to 2019

作　　者：侯承志 黄丹青[2] 桂东伟[3] 雷加强[3] 鹿化煜[1] 徐志伟[1] Hou Chengzhi;Huang Danqing;Gui Dongwei;Lei Jiaqiang;Lu Huayu;Xu Zhiwei(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210023 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第8期1495-1505,共11页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42122001,42075020);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金−原创交叉项目(0209-14380091)资助。

摘　　要：本文利用1961—2019年中国北方沙漠沙地腹地和周边地区61个气象站点逐日最高温度、最低温度、降水量等观测数据,选取了通用的24种极端气候指数,分析了中国北方沙漠沙地极端气候的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①1961—2019年,中国北方沙漠沙地增温趋势明显,不同的极端气温指数变化趋势显著,并且空间差异较小。其中,气温极值指数显著上升,并且年极端低温的上升幅度最大。霜冻日数、冷昼日数等极端冷事件显著减少,夏日日数、暖昼日数等极端暖事件显著增加。②中国北方沙漠沙地极端降水指数的年际波动较大,并且在空间上呈现出“西增东减”的区域差异性特征。其中,西部沙漠的年降水量以5.11 mm/10a的速率显著增加,一日最大降水量、强降水量等其他极端降水指数也显著增加。而东部沙地的极端降水显著减少,呈现出明显的干旱化趋势。③中国北方沙漠沙地极端气温指数的变化特征与中国其他地区具有较好的一致性,且变化幅度大多超过了北美、南非、澳大利亚以及全球陆地极端气温指数的变化幅度。④北极涛动(AO)对东部沙地极端低温和极端冷事件的变化有显著影响。近几十年来东亚夏季风的减弱是导致东部沙地极端降水减少的主要原因,而西部沙漠极端降水的增加可能受到北大西洋年代际振荡(AMO)和太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)等多重因素的共同影响。Based on the meteorological observation datasets including daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and precipitation,etc.at 61 stations in the hinterland of deserts and sandy fields and surrounding area in northern China,temporal and spatial variations of climate extremes were analyzed from 1961—2019 by 24 different extreme climate indices,and their influential factors were discussed.The results show that:1)During 1961—2019,obvious warming trend has been found in these deserts and sandy fields.Extreme temperature indices have significant changing trend with small spatial difference.The frost days,cold nights and other extreme cold events have decreased significantly,while the number of summer days,warm days and other extreme warm events have increased significantly.2)Extreme precipitation indices have large interannual fluctuations,and they mostly increased in western deserts and decreased in eastern sandy fields.The annual precipitation in western deserts has a significant increasing trend at the rate of 5.11 d/10a,and other extreme precipitation indices such as daily maximum precipitation,moderate rain days and heavy precipitation also have also increased significantly.The annual precipitation and other extreme precipitation indices in eastern sandy fields show an obvious decreasing trend,indicating the drying trend in this region.3)The changes in extreme temperature indices in the deserts and sandy fields of northern China show consistency with other parts of China,while the rates exceed that of most part of global land such as North America,South Africa,Australia,etc.4)The changes in extreme low temperature and extreme cold events in eastern sandy fields are significantly correlated with the Arctic Oscillation.The weakening of East Asian summer monsoon during recent decades is the main cause for the decrease in extreme precipitation in eastern sandy fields,while the increase in extreme precipitation in western deserts may be affected by multiple factors including the Atlantic Multi-decadal Osc

关 键 词：沙漠沙地 极端气候 区域差异 气候变化 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]