全民所有自然资源所有权委托代理的法律分析——以信托为视角  

Legal Analysis on the Principal-Agent Relation of the Ownership of the Whole-people Owned Natural Resources: From the Perspective of Trust

作　　者：李兴宇 吴昭军 张倩 LI Xingyu;WU Zhaojun;ZHANG Qian(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2023年第8期22-30,共9页China Land Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(20JZD013)。

摘　　要：研究目的:探究全民所有自然资源资产所有权“委托代理”应定性为何种法律关系,明确相关主体的权利义务。研究方法:演绎推理。研究结果:委托代理机制的政策意蕴是自然资源所有权与监管权分开,是对所有权的委托代理,而非行政权的委托代理。国家所有权属于民事权利,应遵循私法逻辑构建“委托代理”的法律制度。研究结论:民法中的委托与代理是两种不同的法律制度,在制度设计中,不宜将自然资源国家所有权“委托代理”定性为民事委托或代理,而应引入信托理论,构建“委托人—受托人—受益人”的三方主体结构,厘清各方主体的权利义务,明确自然资源所有权行使必须以公众受益为目的,形成制约机制。The purposes of this paper are to explore the legal relationship that should be characterized by the“principalagent”relation of the ownership of the whole-people owned natural resource assets,and to clarify the rights and obligations of relevant subjects.The research method is deductive reasoning.The research results show that the policy implication of the principal-agent mechanism is to separate the ownership of natural resources from the regulatory power,which is the principal-agent ownership rather than the principal-agent administrative power.State ownership belongs to civil rights and should follow the logic of private law to construct a legal system of“agency by commission”.In conclusion,in civil law,commission and agency are two different legal systems.In institutional design,it is not appropriate to define the“commission agency”of national ownership of natural resources as civil commission or agency.Instead,trust theory should be introduced to construct a tripartite structure of“principal trustee beneficiary”,clarify the rights and obligations of all parties,declare that the exercise of natural resource ownership must be aimed at benefiting the public,and form a constraint mechanism.

关 键 词：国家所有权 自然资源 委托代理 信托 

分 类 号：D912.3[政治法律—法学]