《神农本草经》与经方应用之苦杏仁篇  

Kuxingren(Armeniacae Semen Amarum)in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and Classical Formulas

作　　者：苗苗 孔洋洋 尤旭颖 张泽 袁红霞 MIAO Miao;KONG Yangyang;YOU Xuying;ZHANG Ze;YUAN Hongxia(Graduate College,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China;College of Management,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学研究生院,天津301617 [2]天津中医药大学管理学院,天津301617

出　　处：《山东中医药大学学报》2023年第5期554-559,共6页Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：天津市教学成果奖重点培育项目(编号:PGYJ-032)。

摘　　要：《神农本草经》载苦杏仁功效为“主咳逆上气,雷鸣,喉痹,下气,产乳,金疮,寒心,奔豚”。以《神农本草经》为纲、《伤寒杂病论》之经方为目,探讨苦杏仁的不同功效与配伍。苦杏仁主咳逆上气,常配伍桂枝、麻黄、厚朴,以桂枝加厚朴杏子汤、麻黄汤为代表方;主雷鸣,常配伍干姜、细辛、五味子,以厚朴麻黄汤为代表方;主喉痹,常配伍当归、桂枝,以续命汤为代表方;主下气,常配伍石膏、甘草,以麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤为代表方;主产乳,乳汁不下,苦杏仁能通之;主金疮,金伤成疮,苦杏仁能敛之;主寒心奔豚,苦杏仁主通肺气,水为金之子,金母可训子逆。除《神农本草经》记载的功效外,张仲景运用杏仁配伍不同药物亦有新的发挥,如配伍白术、薏苡仁、赤小豆以祛湿行水,代表方为麻黄加术汤、麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤、麻黄连翘赤小豆汤;配伍火麻仁、枳实以润肠通便,代表方为麻子仁丸;配伍大黄、虫、矾石以润燥养血,代表方为大黄虫丸、矾石丸。The efficacy of Kuxingren(Armeniacae Semen Amarum)is recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica that“it is mainly used to treat cough with dyspnea and upward counterflow of qi,thunderous sound in the throat and throat impediment,to descend qi and promote galactopoiesis,to treat injury caused by metal,pathogenic cold that damages the heart and Bentun”.Based on the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and the classical formulas in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases,we analyzed the different efficacies and combinations of Kuxingren.For treating cough with dyspnea and upward counterflow of qi,Kuxingren is mainly combined with Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus),Mahuang(Ephedrae Herba)and Houpo(Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex),represented by Guizhi Jia Houpo Xingzi Decoction(桂枝加厚朴杏子汤)and Mahuang Decoction(麻黄汤).For treating thunderous sound in the throat,it is often combined with Ganjiang(Zingibers Rhizoma),Xixin(Asari Radix Et Rhizoma)and Wuweizi(Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus),represented by Houpo Mahuang Decoction(厚朴麻黄汤).For treating throat impediment,it is often combined with Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)and Guizhi,represented by Xuming Decoction(续命汤).To descend qi,it is usually combined with Shigao(Gypsum Fibrosum)and Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),represented by Mahuang Xingren Gancao Shigao Decoction(麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤).For treating galactostasis,Kuxingren can promote galactopoiesis.For treating injury caused by metal,Kuxingren can heal up the sore.For treating pathogenic cold that damages the heart and Bentun,Kuxingren can ventilate lung qi.Water as the son of metal,metal-mother can treat water-son.In addition to the efficacies recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica,ZHANG Zhongjing had also made new use of Kuxingren.For example,Kuxingren is combined with Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)and Chixiaodou(Vignae Semen)to expel dampness and promote diuresis,represented by Mahuang Jiazhu De

关 键 词：《神农本草经》 《伤寒杂病论》 苦杏仁 经方 咳逆上气 下气 雷鸣 喉痹 产乳 金疮 

分 类 号：R289.1[医药卫生—方剂学]