马约拉纳零能模的输运探测  

Detecting Majorana zero modes with transport measurements

作　　者：徐磊 李沛岭 吕昭征 沈洁[1,2,3] 屈凡明 刘广同 吕力[1,2,3,4] Xu Lei;Li Pei-Ling;Lu Zhao-Zheng;Shen Jie;Qu Fan-Ming;Liu Guang-Tong;Lu Li(Beijing National Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Songshan Lake Material Laboratory,Dongguan 523000,China;Hefei National Laboratory,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所,北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学物理科学学院,北京100049 [3]松山湖材料实验室,东莞523000 [4]合肥国家实验室,合肥230000

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第17期74-95,共22页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:92065203,61974120,12104498);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(批准号:XDB33010000);科技创新2030-“量子通信与量子计算机”重大项目(批准号:2021ZD0302600)资助的课题.

摘　　要：理论预言拓扑超导体能够承载服从非阿贝尔统计的伊辛任意子—马约拉纳零能模,因而可用于实现容错的拓扑量子计算,是凝聚态领域最受关注的前沿课题之一.本文重点回顾了电学输运手段在研究马约拉纳零能模中的应用.在简要介绍拓扑超导、马约拉纳零能模和非阿贝尔统计等基本概念的基础上,对当前实现拓扑超导的多种方案进行了总结.重点介绍了利用低温输运手段探测马约拉纳零能模的实验方法,涵盖了超导/纳米线中广泛使用的电子隧穿谱、库仑阻塞谱和非局域电导探测,以及约瑟夫森器件中使用的(逆)交流约瑟夫森效应探测和电流(能量)相位关系的探测.同时,对利用上述测量手段得到的实验结果可能存在的平庸解释进行了必要的补充和说明.最后对马约拉纳零能模的输运探测进行了总结与展望.Topological superconductors have attracted much research interest,because they were proposed to host non-abelian Ising Anyon Majorana zero modes and thus can be used to construct fault-tolerant topological quantum computers.This paper mainly reviews the electrical transport methods for detecting the presence of Majorana zero modes.First,the basic concepts of topological superconductivity,Majorana zero modes and non-Abelian statistics are introduced,followed by a summary of various schemes for implementing topological superconductivity.Then,the experimental methods for detecting topological superconductivity or Majorana zero modes by using low-temperature transport methods,including electron tunneling spectroscopy,Coulomb blockade spectroscopy and non-local conductance detection,which are widely used in superconductor/nanowire hybrid systems,are discussed.On the other hand,the measurements of the(inverse)AC Josephson effect and current(energy)phase relationships are also reviewed to identify Majorana zero modes in Josephson devices.Meanwhile,to deepen our understanding of Majorana zero modes,some mechanisms for explaining the experimental data observed in the above experiments are provided.Finally,a brief summary and outlook of the electrical transport methods of Majorana zero modes are presented.

关 键 词：拓扑超导 马约拉纳零能模 零偏压电导峰 约瑟夫森效应 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]