中国“科技创新困境”再审视:技术创新质量的新视角  

China’s Innovation Dilemma Revisited:The New Perspective of Technological Innovation Quality

作　　者：叶初升[1,2] 孙薇 Ye Chusheng;Sun Wei

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济发展研究中心 [2]武汉大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《世界经济》2023年第8期80-107,共28页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD071);中央高校基本科研业务费武汉大学人文社会科学研究重点项目“新发展阶段经济发展的基本问题研究”的资助。

摘　　要：研发投入迅猛增长而全要素生产率提升滞缓,是中国当前面临的“科技创新困境”。本文从技术创新质量的视角重新审视这一问题,深入解析技术创新质量的内涵,提出并检验基于文本挖掘的新测度方法。采用1998-2013年中国A股上市制造业企业-专利匹配数据分析发现,在行业、所有制和区域层面,政府创新支持的分布与技术创新质量的分布均存在较为严重的错位,而这种错位显著抑制了企业TFP的提升。机制分析表明,错位通过抑制企业技术创新质量,进而引致企业TFP的降低。异质性分析发现,错位对于TFP的抑制作用在资本密集型行业企业、国有企业和东部企业中更为明显。进一步分析的结果表明,针对高错位主体的矫正政策能够有效缓解创新资源错位配置对于TFP的负面影响。本文为政府调整创新支持政策、引领创新资源高效配置提供了重要的参考依据。China is facing an“innovation dilemma”of rapid growth in R&D investment and slow improvement in total factor productivity(TFP).This paper attempts to re-analyse this issue from the perspective of technological innovation quality.First,it analyses the technological innovation quality connotation in depth and puts forward and tests the corresponding new measurement method based on text mining.Then,taking the technological innovation quality as a starting point,the paper examines the relationship between the technological innovation quality and TFP forward and government-led R&D resource allocation backward,forming a logical chain from“government support for innovation”,“R&D resource allocation”and“technological innovation quality”to“TFP”.Using matching data of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing enterprises and patents from 1998 to 2013,it is found that there is a serious mismatch between the distribution of government support for innovation and technological innovation quality at the industrial,ownership and regional levels,which significantly inhibits the improvement of corporate TFP.Analysis of the mechanism reveals that mismatch inhibits TFP by reducing the technological innovation quality.The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the inhibitory effect is more pronounced in capital-intensive industries enterprises,state-owned enterprises and Eastern enterprises.Further analysis suggests that corrective policies targeting entities with a high level of mismatch can effectively alleviate the negative impact.This paper provides a significant baseline for the government to adjust innovation policies and lead the efficient allocation of R&D resources.

关 键 词：技术创新质量 政府创新支持 资源配置错位 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]