中国农村市场化改革:回顾、反思及启示  

China’s Rural Marketization Reform:Retrospect,Reflection and Enlightenment

作　　者：李万君[1] 李艳军[1] 史清华[2] LI Wanjun;LI Yanjun;SHI Qinghua

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院 [2]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2023年第7期35-55,共21页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新《种子法》知识产权保护对种子企业技术创新行为的影响机理研究:外部性视角”(编号:72173053);国家社会科学基金重大项目“劳动力流动视角下健全城乡融合发展机制研究”(编号:21&ZD077);上海交通大学现代金融研究基金(编号:202204)的资助。

摘　　要：本文回顾了中国农村市场化改革的原因,认为家庭联产承包责任制确立以后,农村市场化改革具备了物质、制度、社会和认知条件。中国农村市场化改革经历了突破计划经济体制、引入市场经营机制、推进农村市场化建设、完善市场体制机制和深化市场体制改革五个阶段。通过改革,中国农村市场体系逐渐形成,市场规模逐步扩大,运行机制逐渐完善,调控体系逐步健全,品牌格局初步显现,法律法规逐渐完善。中国农村市场化改革的经验是重视农民、依法实施,尊重市场、适时调控,找准症结、平稳推进;教训是不当干预、徘徊反复和局部照搬等。中国农村市场化改革是在农村基本经营制度变革以后农民和政府为解决农村生产要素和农产品剩余问题而采取的应对策略,主要是使“看不见的手”充分发挥作用,实质是特定历史条件下相关主体基于客观需要和利益诉求在各个层次、各个方面博弈互动的过程,核心是处理政府与市场的关系。当前,中国农村市场尚存在市场发育缓慢、一体化程度低、政府越位缺位、市场运行不畅和交易费用高昂等问题,原因在于改革难度加大、制度障碍突出、公权缺乏监督、市场环境欠佳和小农户经营的约束较大。This paper reviews the reasons of China’s rural market-oriented reform,and believes that after the establishment of the household contract responsibility system,the rural market-oriented reform was equipped with the material,institutional,social,and cognitive conditions.China’s rural market-oriented reform has gone through five stages:breaking through the planned economic system,introducing market operation mechanisms,promoting rural marketization construction,improving market system mechanisms,and deepening market system reform.Through the reform,China’s rural market system has gradually formed,the market scale has gradually expanded,the operating mechanism has gradually been completed,the control system has been gradually enhanced,the brand pattern has initially emerged,and the laws and regulations have gradually been improved.The experience of China’s rural market-oriented reform is to attach great importance to the peasants,implement the reform in accordance with the law,respect the market,regulate the market timely,identify the crux,and implement the reform smoothly.The lessons are improper intervention,hesitation and repetition,and partial copy,etc.China’s rural market-oriented reform is a response strategy of the peasants and the government to solve the surplus problem of rural production factors and agricultural products after the transformation of the basic management system in rural areas,where the“invisible hand”played the main role.The essence of the reform is a process of game among relevant subjects at all levels and in all aspects based on objective needs and interest demands under specific historical conditions.The core is to deal with the relationship between the government and the market.At present,there are still problems in rural China,such as slow market development,low level of integration,government offside and dislocation,poor market operation,and high transaction costs,etc.The causes lie in the increased difficulty of reform,prominent institutional obstacles,lack of supervis

关 键 词：农村市场化改革 市场配置 博弈互动 政府调控 

分 类 号：F323.7[经济管理—产业经济]