过堰之困:明中叶以降东南山区的灌溉与航运之争  

Difficulties in Passing Weirs:Disputes over Irrigation and Shipping in Southeast Mountainous Areas since the Middle Ming Dynasty

作　　者：郑俊华 Zheng Junhua

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学民族学与社会学学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2023年第4期51-62,共12页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：北京用友基金会“商的长城”一般项目“明清浙江工商业法律碑刻史料整理研究”(批准号:2021-Y01);中南民族大学科研启动项目“明清以来浙江山区水利社会史研究”(批准号:YSZ21002)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：明中叶以降东南山区地域开发所带来的商业发展,使河流的航运价值得到凸显,这不可避免地会与山区大量截流灌溉的堰坝水利工程发生冲突。为了解决船筏过堰问题,协调农商之间的灌溉、航运纠纷,地方逐渐形成了夏秋闭堰、冬春开堰的开闭堰制度,以及向过往商贩征收过堰费的制度。这两项制度的确立,表明农商双方在过堰问题上形成了相对稳定的解决方案。然而,由于区域自然、社会环境的变动,围绕船筏过堰产生的纠纷并未完全消失。对此,地方官通常在仍循往例的行事原则下,在原有的制度框架内进行处理或微调,而非进行根本性的改革,在工程技术条件受限的情况下,地方社会很难从根源上摆脱过堰问题之困境。Since the middle Ming Dynasty,the commercial development of the southeast mountainous area had highlighted the shipping value of the river,which inevitably conflicted with the local large number of intercepting rrigation weir water conservancy projects.In order to solve the problem of raft passing weirs and coordinate the disputes between farmers and businessmen about irrigation and shipping,the mechanism of opening and closing the weir in different seasons and levying the cost of passing weirs from past traders had gradually formed.The establishment of these two mechanisms indicated that the farmers and businessmen had formed a relatively stable order on the issue of passing weirs.However,due to the changes of regional natural and social environment,the disputes around the raft passing weirs had not completely disappeared.In this regard,local officials usually conducted processing or fine-tuning within the framework of the original system,rather than carrying out fundamental reforms,in accordance with the customary principles,and it was difficult for local society to fundamentally solve the problem of passing weirs in the case of limited engineering and technical conditions.

关 键 词：东南山区 灌溉 航运 纠纷 

分 类 号：F429[经济管理—产业经济] F552.9[历史地理—历史学] K248[历史地理—中国史]