人类颅骨筛状眶与多孔性骨肥厚研究回顾  

A research review of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia of human skull

作　　者：赵东月 李昊潞 ZHAO Dongyue;LI Haolu(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,China-Central Asia Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research,Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation,Ministry of education,Xi’an 710069)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室,文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,西安710069

出　　处：《人类学学报》2023年第4期564-574,共11页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18CKG027);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1521607);陕西省教育厅哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目(17JZ072)。

摘　　要：筛状眶(Cribra orbitalia)和多孔性骨肥厚(Porotic hyperostosis)是考古出土人类骨骼遗存上最常见的两种病理改变,主要表现为颅骨穹窿和眼眶部位骨骼表面的多孔性损伤、板障增厚和皮质层变薄。在过去的一个多世纪里,众多学者对这两种现象有着广泛而深入的研究,认为筛状眶和多孔性骨肥厚与贫血、坏血病、传染性疾病、创伤、文化行为等因素密切相关,可以反映古代人群的饮食结构、生业经济模式、营养健康状况、医疗卫生条件等方面的信息。国内对筛状眶和多孔性骨肥厚的关注相对较晚,专题研究较少,但我国人骨遗存出土数量多,年代跨度大,地域分布广,为进一步广泛深入研究筛状眶、多孔性骨肥厚以及其他病理现象提供了良好的基础条件。本文在已有研究成果的基础上,回顾筛状眶和多孔性骨肥厚的发现与命名、诊断和分级、病因和发病机制,以及这两种病理现象之间的关系,希望能对相关主题的后续研究有所助益。Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis are two of the most common pathological changes in ancient human bone unearthed from archaeological sites.These two traits are manifested as porous cranial lesions in the skull vault and orbital roof accompanied by dipolic thickening and outer table thinning.Over the past century,many scholars have conducted extensive research on these two traits that are related to anemia,scurvy,infectious disease,trauma,malnutrition,cultural behaviors,etc,and can reflect details of people’s diet,way of life,nutritional,health and medical status.Chinese attention to these two traits is relatively late,and there are few published monographs.However,there are many Chinese specimens that provide good research conditions for further extensive research.This paper reviews the discovery and naming,diagnosis and scale,etiology and pathogenesis of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis,as well as as well as the relationship between these two pathological phenomena.

关 键 词：古病理学 筛状眶 多孔性骨肥厚 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]