正念特质对医务人员知觉压力与职业倦怠的调节效应研究  

The moderating effect analysis of mindfulness on perceived stress and job burnout of medical staff

作　　者：魏佳娜 周雯莉 魏裕涛 杨绯琳 宋晔莹 沈怡[1] Wei Jiana;Zhou Wenli;Wei Yutao;Yang Feilin;Song Yeying;Shen Yi(Department of Neurology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510260,China;Labor Union,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510260,China;Department of Personnel&Training,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510260,China;Labor Union,the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510700,China;Department of Prevention&Healthcare,Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510095,China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属第二医院神经内科,广州510260 [2]广州医科大学附属第二医院工会,广州510260 [3]广州医科大学附属第二医院人事科,广州510260 [4]广州医科大学附属第五医院工会,广州510700 [5]广州医科大学附属肿瘤医院预防保健科,广州510095

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第8期582-587,共6页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州医科大学附属第二医院新技术、新业务临床研究项目(2020-LCYJ-XJS-06)。

摘　　要：目的探讨医务人员的正念特质在知觉压力与职业倦怠中的调节作用机制。方法于2020年11月至2022年3月,选取1626位医务人员进行问卷调查,采用中文版《知觉压力量表》、《马斯勒倦怠量表-服务行业版》和《正念注意觉知量表》评价医务人员知觉压力、职业倦怠3个维度[去人格化(DP)、情感耗竭(EE)、个人成就感(PA)]以及正念特质水平,采用Spearman秩相关法分析医务人员正念特质与知觉压力和职业倦怠的相关性,并采用SPSS PROCESS宏程序构建调节效应检验模型分析正念特质在知觉压力和职业倦怠中的调节效应。结果1626名医务人员中,57.38%(933/1626)存在有健康危险性的知觉压力,63.84%(1038/1626)存在职业倦怠感,其中轻度、中度和重度职业倦怠者分别618名(38.01%)、274名(16.85%)和146名(8.98%)。医务人员的正念特质得分与知觉压力以及职业倦怠的各个维度得分(EE、DP和PA)均明显相关(rs=-0.155、-0.351、-0.315、0.307,P<0.001)。正念特质在知觉压力和职业倦怠间存在调节作用,具体是通过知觉压力-正念特质-EE、知觉压力-正念特质-DP和知觉压力-正念特质-PA这3个调节作用路径实现(ΔR^(2)=0.073、0.060、0.006,P<0.001)。结论医务人员职业倦怠处于较高水平,正念特质在知觉压力和职业倦怠间起调节效应,可采取针对性措施提高医务人员正念特质水平,预防和缓解医务人员的职业倦怠感。Objective To explore the moderating mechanism of mindfulness on perceived stress and job burnout of medical staff.Methods From November 2020 to March 2022,1626 medical staff were investigated by questionnaires.Chinese Version Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey(MBI-HSS)and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS)were used to evaluate the perceived stress,three dimensions of job burnout[depersonalization(DP),emotional exhaustion(EE),personal accomplishment(PA)],and mindfulness level of medical staff.The Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between mindfulness and perceived stress,job burnout of medical staff.And the SPSS PROCESS macro program was used to test the moderating effect of mindfulness on perceived stress and job burnout.Results Among the 1626 medical staff,57.38%had perceived stress with health risk(933/1626),and 63.84%(1038/1626)had job burnout,among them,with 618(38.01%),274(16.85%),and 146(8.98%)experiencing mild,moderate and severe job burnout,respectively.The scores of mindfulness among medical staff were significantly correlated with perceived stress and various dimensions of job burnout(EE,DP and PA)(rs=-0.155,-0.351,-0.315,0.307,P<0.001).Mindfulness had a moderating effect between perceived stress and job burnout,which was achieved through three moderating pathways:perceived stress-mindfulness-EE,perceived stress-mindfulness-DP and perceived stress-mindfulness-PA(ΔR^(2)=0.073,0.06,0.006,P<0.001).Conclusion Medical staff have a high level of job burnout,mindfulness plays a moderating role between perceived stress and job burnout.Specific measures can be taken to improve the level of mindfulness in medical staff,so as to prevent and alleviate job burnout of medical staff.

关 键 词：医务人员 正念特质 职业倦怠 知觉压力 调节效应 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]