细胞核损伤可能诱发慢性难治性疾病  

The cell nuclear damage probably induces chronic refractory diseases

作　　者：李茂进 李珏[1] 牛东升[1] Li Maojin;Li Jue;Niu Dongsheng(Department of Medical Examination,the Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Beijing Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市职业病防治研究院/北京市化工职业病防治院体检部,北京100093

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第8期636-640,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：细胞核损伤主要由射线和各种致癌化合物等引起,损伤的实质是分子黏连断裂和化学修饰。细胞核损伤后,细胞核形态结构、功能可发生异常而成为一种病态细胞或功能缺陷细胞。细胞核损伤可影响基因表达及调控,引起转录-蛋白质合成功能障碍或异常,从而导致衰老并诱发多种慢性难治性疾病,如高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病、自身免疫性疾病等。细胞核损伤也会影响细胞分化状态,导致分裂增殖相关基因重启,从而诱发癌症。癌细胞来源于核异常细胞,癌细胞的生物学行为或特征(脱落转移、免疫耐受、不受控制、接触抑制功能丧失等)可能源于核异常细胞。本文综述了细胞核损伤可能导致的慢性难治性疾病及其机制,为职业卫生和毒理学研究提供了新思路,也为职业病防治提供了新方法和策略。The cell nuclear damage is mainly caused by the radiation and various carcinogenic compounds,the essence of the damage is molecular adhesion fracture and chemical modification.After nuclear damage,the cells whose nuclei may be abnormal in morphology,structure and function,then become a kind of morbid cells or defective cells.The cell nuclear damage can affect gene expression and regulation,leading to dysfunctions or abnormalities of transcription and protein synthesis,which results in aging and induces various chronic refractory diseases,such as hypertension,atherosclerosis,diabetes,Alzheimer's disease,autoimmune diseases,and so on.The cell nuclear damage can also affect the state of cell differentiation and lead to restart of genes related to division and proliferation,thus inducing cancer.The cancer cells are derived from the cells with nuclear abnormalities,and the biological behavior or characteristics of cancer cells(shedding and metastasis,immune tolerance,uncontrolled,loss of contact inhibition,etc.)are derived from cells with nuclear abnormalities.This article reviewed the chronic refractory diseases caused by nuclear damage and their mechanisms,which provided a new idea for occupational health and toxicology research,as well as a new method and strategy for occupational disease prevention and treatment.

关 键 词：基因表达调控 细胞核损伤 核异常细胞 核异常 慢性难治性疾病 癌症 衰老 职业卫生与职业病 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]