基于控制点蒙特卡罗检验的无人机地形建模精度影响因素研究  

Factors influencing the terrain modeling accuracy of UAV photogrammetry based on Monte Carlo tests of control points

作　　者：陈凯 王春 代文[1] 盛业华 刘爱利[1] 汤国安 CHEN Kai;WANG Chun;DAI Wen;SHENG Yehua;LIU Aili;TANG Guoan(School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;School of Geographic Information and Tourism,Chuzhou University,Chuzhou 239000,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geographic Environment,Chuzhou 239000,China;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学地理科学学院,南京210044 [2]滁州学院地理信息与旅游学院,滁州239000 [3]实景地理环境安徽省重点实验室,滁州239000 [4]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [5]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《自然资源遥感》2023年第3期107-115,共9页Remote Sensing for Natural Resources

基　　金：安徽高校省级自然科学研究重大项目“乡村数字孪生全息实景地理环境关键技术与示范应用研究”(编号:KJ2021ZD0130);安徽省高等学校科研计划项目“实景地理环境科研创新团队”(编号:2022AH010066);2018年度安徽省学术和技术带头人后备人选科研活动经费资助项目(编号:2018H191);国家自然科学基金项目“面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析理论与方法研究”(编号:41930102);“黄土高原小流域人工造貌信息图谱研究”(编号:42171402)共同资助。

摘　　要：针对消费级无人机相机单一、镜头畸变大,地形建模精度受航线设计和控制测量的影响等问题,设计了不同的数据采集方案和控制点蒙特卡罗检验,分析了相机倾角、航高和控制点数量对地形建模精度的影响。在黄土高原3个典型小流域的实验结果表明:①在进行无人机摄影测量数据处理时,应先使用蒙特卡罗检验对控制点质量进行分析,排除控制点误差再进行数据处理。②相机倾角方面,在无地面控制点时,采用较大角度的倾斜摄影不仅有利于提高样区整体精度,还优化了误差的空间分布;这与相机畸变模型的优化有关。在有地面控制点时,相机倾角对高程精度的影响不大,但是影响控制点饱和数量;相对于垂直摄影,倾斜摄影需要略多的控制点才能达到最优精度。③航高方面,在有地面控制点时,使用倾斜摄影有利于降低高程精度对航高变化的敏感性。在有地面控制点时,航高在60~160 m范围内对高程精度的影响不明显,且航高变化不影响控制点饱和数量。Consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)each have a single camera and high lens distortion.The accuracy of terrain modeling using UAVs is influenced by route design and control surveys.By designing different data collection schemes and Monte Carlo tests,this study investigated the influence of the camera’s tilt angle,flight height,and the number of ground control points(GCPs)on terrain modeling accuracy in three small river basins on the Loess Plateau.The results are as follows:①Before the processing of UAV photogrammetry data,it is necessary to analyze the quality of GCPs through Monte Carlo tests to eliminate GCP errors.②The effects of the tilt angles of cameras include:in the case of no available GCPs,tilt photogrammetry with tilt angles of cameras can both improve the overall accuracy of the sampling area and optimize the spatial distribution of errors,with these advantages related to the optimization of the camera distortion model;in the case of available GCPs,the camera tilt angle has minor influence on elevation accuracy but affects the saturation number of GCPs.Compared with vertical photogrammetry,tilt photogrammetry requires slightly more GCPs to achieve the optimal accuracy.③The effects of the flight height include:in the case of no available GCPs,tilt photogrammetry can reduce the sensitivity of elevation accuracy to flight height;in the case of available GCPs,flight heights of 60~160 m have no significant influence on elevation accuracy,and the change in flight height does not affect the saturation number of GCPs.

关 键 词：无人机摄影测量 地形建模 倾斜摄影 蒙特卡罗 航线设计 控制点数量 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]