英汉时间认知:语法特性还是语用共性  

Time Cognition in English and Chinese:Grammatical Specificity or Pragmatic Universality?

作　　者：薛兵[1] 张绍杰 XUE Bing;ZHANG Shaojie

机构地区：[1]大连外国语大学英语学院,辽宁大连116044 [2]浙江工商大学外国语学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2023年第3期33-42,146,共11页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“内嵌含义的语法驱动与语用限制互动研究”(项目编号:20CYY049)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文旨在探究潜藏于英汉语时间认知中的特性与共性。首先,从语言与时间的关系出发,回顾时间认知研究中语言相对论与普遍语法之间的早期争议,进而评述并反思当前三种汉语时间认知语法特性论(即“空间特性论”“时间特性论”和“时空同态论”)之间的冲突与各自局限。在此基础上,引介Jaszczolt时间指称语用共性论,并具体提出解释时间认知中语法特性与语用共性的统合观,其中特性在于英汉语对于语法-语用时间表达资源不同类型、不同程度的特定选择,而共性在于时间概念认知都基于语法与语用的相互作用。最后,讨论了时间认知中特性与共性统合的深层次动因。该语法特性与语用特性的统合解释为全面理解英汉时间认知间的异同提供新思路。This paper aims to explore both specificity and universality of time cognition underlying English and Chinese.Firstly,focusing on the relationship between language and time,this paper reviews the early controversy between Linguistic Relativity and Universal Grammar in explaining time cognition.Then,three recent views of Chinese temporal-spatial grammatical specificity(namely the“space view”,the“time view”and the“space-time conflation view”)are critically reviewed,considering their conflicts and respective limitations.Against this background,drawing on Jaszczolt's idea of“pragmatic universal”in temporal reference,this paper argues that grammatical specificity should be integrated with pragmatic universality in explaining time cognition across languages.Specifically,the specificity of temporal cognition in English and Chinese manifests in different choices of grammatical-pragmatic resources in time expression,while the universality common in language use resides in grammar-pragmatics interaction in temporal conceptualization.Lastly,the underlying motivation of specificity-universality integration is also examined.The account of integrating grammatical specificity with pragmatic universality sheds new light on the similarity and differentiation between English and Chinese temporal cognition.

关 键 词：英汉 时间认知 语法特性 语用共性 统合 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]