重庆市渝中区城区监测点大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属元素污染特征分析及健康风险评估  

Analysis of metal and metalloid elements element pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Yuzhong District,Chongqing

作　　者：曾晓龙[1] 沈卓之[2] 曾云夏 邓雪[1] 刘淼[1] 薛丰[1] 胡雪郢 周杰[1] ZENG Xiaolong;SHEN Zhuozhi;ZENG Yunxia;DENG Xue;LIU Miao;XUE Feng;HU Xueying;ZHOU Jie(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Chongqing Yuzhong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400010,China;Department of Scientific and Techical Information,Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400042,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市渝中区疾病预防控制中心检验科,重庆400010 [2]重庆市疾病预防控制中心科技信息科,重庆400042

出　　处：《重庆医学》2023年第17期2657-2661,共5页Chongqing medicine

基　　金：重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目重点项目(2018ZDXM006)。

摘　　要：目的调查重庆市渝中区城区监测点大气PM_(2.5)中12种金属元素污染特征,评估其对人群的致癌性与非致癌性健康风险。方法于2021年1-12月,每月10-16日,在重庆市渝中区马家堡小学教学楼楼顶监测点采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,测定其中12种金属和类金属元素含量,描述其污染特征,运用《大气污染人群健康风险评估技术规范》评估其健康风险。结果共采集石英滤膜84份,PM_(2.5)年平均值为46μg/m^(3),有11 d超过了24 h平均二级浓度限值,超标率为13.1%。PM_(2.5)中的金属和类金属元素中,汞、铍全年未检出,其余10种浓度由高到低依次为铝、锰、铅、砷、铬、硒、锑、镍、镉、铊;上述10种元素冬春季浓度大于夏秋季,有9种元素的季节性差异有统计学意义。对砷、镉、铬进行致癌性风险评估,其超额致癌风险分别为1.74×10^(-5)、1.08×10^(-6)、3.24×10^(-6)。结论该区域尚存在大气PM_(2.5)污染情况,其中金属元素铍、铅、镍3种元素的致癌性风险及10种元素的非致癌性风险处于可接受水平。Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of 12 metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Yuzhong District,Chongqing,and evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to the population.Methods Atmospheric PM_(2.5) samples were collected from January to December 2021 at top detection point of Majiabao Primary School in Yuzhong District,Chongqing from 10th to 16th each month,and the content of 12 metal and metalloid elements was measured to characterize their contamination and assess their health risks by applying the Technical Specification for Health Risk Assessment of Populations from Air Pollution.Results A total of 84 quartz filter membranes were collected,and the annual average value of PM_(2.5) was 46μg/m^(3),and 11 days exceeded the 24-hour average secondary concentration limit,with an over-rate of 13.1%.Among the metals and metal-like elements in PM_(2.5),mercury and beryllium were not detected throughout the year,and the remaining 10 concentrations were aluminum,manganese,lead,arsenic,chromium,selenium,antimony,nickel,cadmium and thallium in descending order.The concentrations of the above 10 elements were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn,and the seasonal differences of 9 elements were statistically significant.The carcinogenic risks of three elements,arsenic,cadmium and chromium,were evaluated,and their excess carcinogenic risks were 1.74×10^(-5),1.08×10^(-6),and 3.24×10^(-6),respectively.Conclusion There is still atmospheric PM_(2.5) pollution in this area,among which the carcinogenic risk of 3 metal elements beryllium,lead and nickel and the non-carcinogenic risk of 10 elements are at an acceptable level.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 金属元素 类金属元素 污染特征 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R122.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]