聚合物基纳米无机复合材料的制备与性能进展  

Progress in Preparation and Properties of Polymer-Based Composite Filled with Inorganic Nanoparticles

作　　者：康成虎 KANG Chenghu(Department of Physics,Lyuliang University,Lyuliang,Shanxi 033001,China)

机构地区：[1]吕梁学院,物理系,山西吕梁033001

出　　处：《塑料》2023年第4期172-177,共6页Plastics

基　　金：山西省青年科学研究项目(202103021223385)。

摘　　要：由于聚合物基纳米无机复合材料具有优异的力学性能、阻燃性能、耐腐蚀性能和电学性能等,在工业、农业、国防、科技等领域中得到了广泛的应用。基于聚合物基纳米复合材料常用的制备方法,强调了目前采用的真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺新制备技术,阐述了不同的无机纳米颗粒粒径、结构及添加量对复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能及其他性能方面的影响,并且,分析了无机纳米颗粒表面改性处理对其在聚合物中的分散情况及两相之间界面结合的影响。关于不同聚合物基体与不同种类的无机纳米颗粒复合得到的产物及相关性能的研究进行了综述,探究了聚合物基纳米复合材料目前存在的问题。最后,对未来复合材料的研究方向进行了展望。Polymer-based inorganic nanocomposite have been widely applied in industries,agriculture,national defense,science and technology,due to the many excellent properties,such as good mechanical properties,flame retardancy properties,corrosion resistance,electrical properties and so on.The preparation methods of polymer/inorganic nanocomposite are introduced.Notably,the novel technologies for vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process are emphasized.The effects of different particle size,structure and amount of inorganic nanoparticles on the mechanical properties,flame retardancy,thermal properties,electrical and other properties of the composite are discussed.And the effects of surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles on dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles in polymer matrix and the interface between nanoparticles and polymer matrix are also discussed.The research progress of combination mode and corresponding performance of different matrix combined with different kinds of inorganic nanoparticles is summarized.The existing problems of polymer/inorganic nanocomposite are argued.Finally,the future application of composite materials,research direction and development trend are prospected.

关 键 词：无机物纳米颗粒 聚合物 复合材料 材料性能 材料制备 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]