当代西方历史理论中的“人类世”话语阐释  

Interpreting Anthropocene in Contemporaryy Historical Theoretical Discourse in the West

作　　者：张作成 Zhang Zuocheng

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,130024

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2023年第4期122-133,160,共13页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“克罗齐与意大利史学研究(1902—1952)”(项目编号:20BSS004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从20世纪70年代到21世纪的第一个十年,在叙事主义历史哲学经历40年发展后,当代西方历史理论界努力寻求历史理论研究新的发展趋向,其特点之一便是回归面向过去的本体论反思。“人类世”是标识1800年以来地球系统历史的地质时间单元。“人类世”话语注重客观存在的过去,并据此认识现在和未来。在回归过去趋向下,约翰·麦克尼尔、迪佩什·查克拉巴蒂分别从环境史、历史理论研究角度阐释了“人类世”话语。他们的阐释在超越“西方中心论”、塑造史学新形态方面具有启示意义。分析“人类世”话语在西方历史理论界的上述因应过程,并阐释“人类世”话语的历史理论意义,对中国历史理论界正在推进的话语体系建设具有一定的价值。From the 1970s to the 2010s,after 40 years of development in the narrative philosophy of history,contemporary historical theorists in the West have made great efforts to new development trends in the field.In the process,a trend for historical theories is to return to the ontological reflection of the past such as works on Anthropocene(the Human Epoch).As a concept,Anthropocene originated in geology,and it is a geological time unit that labels the planetary history since 1800.The Anthropocene discourse focuses on the objective existence of the past through which to make sense of the present and future.Following the trend of returning to the past,John R.McNeill and Dipesh Chakrabarty have respectively elaborated on the discourse of the Anthropocene discourse from the perspectives of environmental history and historical theory.Their interpretations offer insights to get beyond Western-centrism and to shape a new form of historiography.The analysis of the Anthropocene discourse by western historical theorists and their interpretations of its meanings have certain value for contemporary Chinese historical theorists'efforts to construct their own discourse system.

关 键 词：当代西方历史理论 “人类世”话语 约翰·麦克尼尔 迪佩什·查克拉巴蒂 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]