留美时期林同济的中国东北史研究  

Lin Tongji's Study of the History of Northeast China during His Years in the United States

作　　者：董成龙 Dong Chenglong

机构地区：[1]重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院,400044

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2023年第4期140-152,160,共14页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：以战国策派闻名的林同济,在九一八事变前后撰写了有关东北问题的硕士论文和博士论文。他认为,文明与地缘对应两个层次的“天下”,一个是等于中原汉地的“天下本部”,一个则囊括了作为“天下边陲”的夷狄之地,两种“天下”的张力推动了中国历史的进程。东北是中原与北狄和东夷三角关系的交汇处,中原开拓北疆的主导原则就是联合“汉化”程度更高的东夷对抗北狄,即“以夷制狄”。清朝沿用中原与东夷合作的策略,确立了满、汉、蒙、回、藏的基本统治格局。林同济自觉身处“新战国时代”,广泛征引海内外学者的研究成果,秉持“汉化论”的同时超越长城视野,充分肯定边疆民族和清朝在奠定现代中国版图中的贡献,同时又规避了一些研究者过分突出边疆特性的偏差,有助于理解今日中国的形成及其与世界的关系。Lin Tongji(Tung-Chi Lin),known as the co-founder of the"School of Warring States",wrote his master's thesis and doctoral dissertation on Northeast China issue respectively before and after the September 18th Incident.He argued that there were two levels of"Tianxia"corresponded to civilization and geography:one was the"head quarters of Tianxia Proper"equal to the areas of Central Plains,and the other encompassed areas of the barbarians as the"frontiers of Tianxia".The tension between the two levels of"Tianxia"drove the course of Chinese history.Specifically,the Northeast was the intersection of the triangular relationship between the Han pepople and the northern and eastern barbarians.The leading principle for the Middle Kingdom's development of the northern frontier was to unite the eastern barbarians with a higher degree of Sinicization against northern barbarians,i.e.,to"control barbarians with barbarians".The Qing Dynasty followed this strategy of cooperation and established a basic pattern of rule by the Manchu,Han,Mongolian,Hui and Tibetan groups.Conscious of the"New Warring States Era",Lin drew extensively on the works of Chinese and overseas scholars,upholding the theory of Sinicization.He also transcended the Great Wall to fully acknowledge contributions of frontier tribes and the Qing dynasty in framing modern China's geography.At the same time,he avoided the bias held by some researchers who overemphasized frontier characteristics.By doing so,he helped to understand the formation of today's China and its relationship with the world.

关 键 词：林同济 以夷制狄 天下本部 天下边陲 汉化论 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学] K25