论《对外关系法》在中国涉外法治体系中的地位  

On the Status of the Law on Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China in China's System of the Rule of Law in Foreign Matters

作　　者：黄进 Huang Jin

机构地区：[1]中国国际法学会 [2]中国政法大学全面依法治国研究院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第4期3-18,共16页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：2023年6月28日,全国人大常委会表决通过了《中华人民共和国对外关系法》(下文简称《对外关系法》)。作为中国对外关系领域第一部单行性、基础性、综合性法律,该法的通过具有重大历史意义,是中国统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治的关键一步。中国制定《对外关系法》具有历史和现实的必要性,贯彻了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,表明了中国在对外关系、对外交往和参与全球治理中坚定地践行法治的鲜明立场和态度,既是统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的必然要求,也是推进中国式法治现代化的客观需要。《对外关系法》是宪法相关法,是宪法关于对外关系规定的充实、落实和具体化。《对外关系法》明确了对外关系的基本原则、理念与制度,作为涉外领域基本法在法律体系中占据重要地位,是涉外法律法规体系的基础性、综合性法律,为其他涉外法律法规提供授权和指引。制定《对外关系法》不仅有利于加快形成系统完备的涉外法律法规体系,对完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系、加强涉外法治体系建设和推进中国式法治现代化都具有十分重要的价值和意义。《对外关系法》的实施有助于更好地维护中国的国家主权、安全和发展利益,推进高水平对外开放,推动全球治理与国际法治,维护以联合国为核心的国际体系和以国际法为基础的国际秩序。On 28 June 2023,the Law on Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Foreign Relations Law),as China's first separate,fundamental and comprehensive law in the field of foreign relations,was enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress(NPC)with great historical significance.Adopting the Foreign Relations Law demonstrates China's unequivocal position and attitude of firmly practicing and enforcing the rule of law in its foreign relations,foreign interactions and participation in the process of global governance.It is also an inevitable requirement for the integration of the rule of law in domestic and international affairs,as well as a necessary objective to advance the modernization of the rule of law in the Chinese approach.In China's foreign-related rule of law system,Foreign Relations Law occupies an important position.It is a legislation that has constitutional relevance since it further develops,applies,and concretizes the provisions of the Chinese Constitution on international relations.At the same time,it clarifies the basic principles,basic concepts and basic systems of foreign relations.As a fundamental and comprehensive law in the system of foreign-related laws and regulations,the Foreign Relations Law provides guiding and universal ideas,guidelines,principles and systems for the conduct of China's external affairs,and provides authorization and guidance for other foreign-related laws and regulations.The enactment of the Foreign Relations Law not only improves China's system of foreign-related laws and regulations from a legislative perspective,but also has great value and significance in strengthening the construction of the foreign-related rule of law system.It contributes to optimizing the strategic layout of foreign-related rule of law work,promoting a more systematic foreign-related rule of law system,and truly building a bridge between the domestic rule of law and the international rule of law.

关 键 词：对外关系法 涉外法治 国内法治 国际法治 中国式现代化 涉外法律体系 

分 类 号：D922.13[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]