论NFT交易平台著作权合理注意义务的设定  

On the Setting of Reasonable Duty of Care for Copyrights in NFT Trading Platforms

作　　者：高阳 GAO Yang(School of Law,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期89-104,共16页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CFX028)。

摘　　要：NFT交易平台在数字作品交易中负有一定注意义务以维持网络环境中的知识产权秩序,该注意义务应当依据平台的类型分别设定。B2C模式下,NFT交易平台与作者合作或独立创建数字作品提供给社会公众,尽管数字作品存储于链上,其并非网络存储空间服务提供者,而是网络内容提供者。它对侵权内容的识别和控制能力较强,应负有较高注意义务。C2C模式下,链下存储数字作品的NFT交易平台属于新型网络服务提供者,其注意义务应综合考虑获益方式、控制能力以及作品的知名度等影响因素合理设定。针对链下存储的NFT交易平台,其为提供基础服务收取的固定费用,不属于从侵权行为中直接获得经济利益,并且它对网络用户的侵权行为未有明确的指引与要求因而不具有控制能力。因此,该类平台对网络用户上传的侵犯著作权的内容,仅负有“通知—必要措施”的一般注意义务。但是,针对知名度较高的作品以及反复侵权,它负有采取技术性审查措施的较高注意义务。NFT trading platforms have a certain duty of care in the trading of digital works to maintain the intellectual property order in the Internet environment,but this duty of care should be set specifically according to the type of platform.Under the B2C mode,those NFT trading platforms that provide cooperated or independently created digital works to the public,have a high duty of care because they have strong ability to identify and control infringed contents as providers although the digital works are stored on-chain.Under the C2C mode,those NFT trading platforms that store digital works off-chain are a new type of internet service provider(ISP),therefore,their duty of care should be set in accordance with such influencing factors as direct financial benefit,control ability and popularity of works.For an NFT trading platform with off-chain storage,the fixed fee it charges for providing basic services does not belong to the direct financial benefit obtained from the infringement act.Moreover,it does not have the control ability because it has not set clear guidelines and requirements for internet users to avoid infringement.Therefore,such a platform is only responsible for the general duty of care of“notice-necessary measures”for copyright infringed contents uploaded by internet users.However,in the case of well-known works and repeated infringements,it has a higher duty of care to adopt technical review.

关 键 词：NFT交易平台 注意义务 直接获得经济利益 控制能力 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]