小型无人机(sUAV)在基岩区古地震研究选点中的应用  

APPLICATION OF SMALL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE(sUAV)IN THE SELECTION OF SUITABLE SITES IN PALEO-SEISMIC STUDY OF BEDROCK FAULT SURFACES

作　　者：邹俊杰 何宏林[2,3] 周永胜[2] 魏占玉[2] 石峰[2,3] 耿爽[2] 苏鹏 孙稳 ZOU Jun-jie;HE Hong-lin;ZHOU Yong-sheng;WEI Zhan-yu;SHI Feng;GENG Shuang;SU Peng;SUN Wen(Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China;State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China;Shanxi Taiyuan Continental Rift Dynamics National Observation and Research Station,Taiyuan 030025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地震预测研究所,北京100036 [2]中国地震局地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]山西太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站,太原030025

出　　处：《地震地质》2023年第4期833-846,共14页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42202255,U1939201);山西太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站基金(NORSTY2021-03);中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(CEAIEF20230208)共同资助

摘　　要：随着断层面形貌测量、宇宙成因核素测年等技术的发展,基岩断层面成为在基岩区古地震研究的良好研究对象。但是,受沟谷侵蚀、沉积覆盖和人为改造等非构造因素影响,并非所有出露的基岩断层面都能完整记录和保存古地震信息。因此,必须在基岩断层面上选择合适的研究点。传统的野外测量方法耗时费力,难以掌握基岩断层面的整体信息,即使通过高分辨率卫星影像也无法获得基岩断层面的精细结构。小型无人机航测(sUAV)采用低空摄影测量技术,可快速获取基岩断层面高精度的地表三维结构,为筛选目标工作点提供便利。文中以山西地堑系六棱山北麓断裂的马家窑基岩断坎为例,采用小型无人机航测结合SfM摄影测量技术,获得了基岩断层面的高精度三维地形数据,通过精细地貌解译和断层坎剖面分析识别了沿断层坎分布的崩塌破坏、沉积埋藏和侵蚀剥露等非构造因素,分析了侵蚀、埋藏和构造这3种典型的基岩断层面的形态特征,选取了适合开展古地震研究的基岩断层面点,展现了小型无人机在基岩区古地震研究工作中发挥的重要应用潜力。Bedrock normal fault scarps,as classical topographic features and geomorphological markers along mountain range fronts,form in consolidated bedrock due to faulting in extensional settings.They generally preserve more complete records of paleo-earthquakes than fault scarps in unconsolidated sediments.With the development of technologies such as fault surface morphology measurement and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating,bedrock fault planes have become a nice object for paleo-earthquake study in bedrock areas.The reconstruction of paleo-seismic history from a bedrock fault scarp in terms of the times,co-seismic slips and ages by a combination of quantitative morphological analysis,TCNs dating and other physical/chemical index has been proven feasible by several previous studies.However,this success heavily relies on a suitable site selection along the bedrock fault scarp because erosional processes can exhume the bedrock fault surface,and the sedimentary processes can bury the bedrock fault surface.Namely,non-tectonic factors such as gully erosion,sediment burial,and anthropogenic activity make bedrock fault planes difficult to record and preserve paleo-seismic information.Therefore,to successfully extract paleo-seismic information from the bedrock area,it is necessary to select suitable study points along the bedrock fault scarp in advance.Traditional survey and mapping methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive,and it is difficult to understand bedrock fault scarps.The resolution of satellite images cannot obtain the fine structure of bedrock fault scarps.Small unmanned aerial vehicle(sUAV),combined with Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry has emerged over the last decade.It is used as an established workflow in acquiring topographic data by filling the spatial gap between traditional ground-based surveys and satellite remote sensing images.As a low-altitude photogrammetry technology,it can quickly obtain high-precision three-dimensional surface structures of bedrock fault scarps.In this paper,taking

关 键 词：小型无人机航测 古地震研究选点 基岩断层面3D模型 断层坎剖面形态 六棱山北麓断裂 

分 类 号：P315.2[天文地球—地震学]