基于倾斜摄影技术的典型情景可视化震害定量评估——以四川马尔康震群为例  

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC DAMAGE IN TYPICAL SCENARIOS BASED ON OBLIQUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY:THE CASE OF THE MAERKANG EARTHQUAKE SWARM,SICHUAN,CHINA

作　　者：肖本夫 袁小祥 陈波[4] 张露露[1] 梁远玲 祁玉萍 杨璐遥[1] 刘洋 XIAO Ben-fu;YUAN Xiao-xiang;CHEN Bo;ZHANG Lu-lu;LIANG Yuan-ling;QI Yu-ping;YANG Lu-yao;LIU Yang(Sichuan Earthquake Agency,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China;Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省地震局,成都610041 [2]中国地震局工程力学研究所,中国地震局地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [3]中国地震局地震预测研究所,北京100036 [4]中国地震局地球物理研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《地震地质》2023年第4期847-863,共17页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1509402);中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(CEAIEF2022050505);四川地震科技创新团队专项(201902);四川省地震局地震科技专项(LY2211)。

摘　　要：地震灾害定量评估是震后地震应急处置的重要流程之一,评估结果的准确性直接影响应急处置和决策的工作效率。文中构建了基于倾斜摄影技术的典型情景可视化震害定量评估流程,建立了情景可视化震害解译标志,并以2022年6月10日四川马尔康6.0级震群为例提取了极震区典型情景的可视化房屋震害信息,实现了对极震区地震灾害定量评估,同时结合现场震害调查结果验证了所提出方法的可行性和准确性。结果表明:1)基于倾斜摄影技术构建的典型情景可视化模型可反映建筑物的顶部、外墙和底部等部位的震害信息,能够直观地反映震后地震的破坏情况,与使用传统的准垂直视角震后遥感影像相比,利用该模型可更加有效地提取建筑物承灾体的基础信息和震害信息;2)按照等效震害指数对3类共计520栋房屋结构的地震破坏程度进行了定量评定,其中,藏式石木结构的等效震害指数为0.60,砖混结构的等效震害指数为0.44,钢筋混凝土框架结构的等效震害指数为0.37,综合判定研究区的地震烈度为Ⅷ度(8度),与现场调查结果一致;3)结合现场房屋震害调查结果,基于情景可视化震害提取得到的分类结果与现场调查震害分类结果的OA值和Kappa系数分别为92%和0.87,基于无人机正射影像震害提取的分类结果与现场调查震害结果的OA值和Kappa系数分别为45%和0.25,与基于无人机正射影像的震害定量评估方法相比,基于情景可视化的震害定量评估方法在识别精度和准确度方面效果更好。基于倾斜摄影技术的典型情景可视化震害定量评估方法为将高精度无人机遥感数据用于建筑物震害定量评估工作提供了新的思路,其结果可作为地震烈度评定、地震应急救援和人员指挥调度的参考依据。Post-earthquake disaster information extraction and quantitative evaluation are the foundations of earthquake relief work.The effectiveness of its transmission mode and the accuracy of evaluation results directly affect the efficiency of post-earthquake emergency analysis,emergency response decision-making,and earthquake relief.In recent years,the nationally targeted poverty alleviation,reinforcement of housing facilities in earthquake-prone areas,and the rapid promotion of urbanization have greatly improved the overall seismic protection capability of buildings,and the reference indexes of seismic damage assessment have changed from the previous focus on the damage indexes of the roof of the disaster-bearing body to the comprehensive damage indexes of the roof of the disaster-bearing body,external walls,and subsidiary structures.The traditional two-dimensional damage assessment method based on a quasi-vertical perspective can hardly meet the requirements of an accurate quantitative assessment of earthquake damage at this stage.With the rapid development of aerial photography technology,the efficiency and accuracy of earthquake hazard information extraction and quantitative earthquake hazard assessment have been greatly improved.The three-dimensional seismic damage scenario visualization model based on UAV oblique photography technology has the advantages of multi-angle,high accuracy,and rich texture,which can accurately reflect the characteristic differences of seismic disasters of disaster-bearing bodies.It can be used to realize multi-dimensional and high-granularity seismic damage information extraction,thus effectively improving the accuracy of a quantitative assessment of single-time and space-time seismic damage,and can provide scientific and technological support for practical quantitative assessment of seismic damage.On June 10,2022,a M6.0 magnitude earthquake swarm occurred in Maerkang City,Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture(also known as Aba Prefecture),Sichuan Province,in which the epicente

关 键 词：倾斜摄影技术 情景可视化 地震灾害定量评估 四川马尔康 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]