大青杨×小黑杨异源三倍体新种质创制  

Creating the New Allotriploid Germplasm of Populus ussuriensis×(P.simonii×P.nigra)

作　　者：刘宣晨 刘彩霞[1] 张世凯 李开隆[1] 曲冠证[1] Liu Xuanchen;Liu Caixia;Zhang Shikai;Li Kailong;Qu Guanzheng(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2023年第10期19-27,共9页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十四五”黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA21B010);“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200203)。

摘　　要：为向杨树良种选育提供新种质,以秋水仙素为诱变剂,采用大孢子染色体加倍、胚囊染色体加倍,这2种2n雌配子诱导途径创制大青杨小黑杨异源三倍体,调查各试验组的结种、育苗表现,筛选、鉴定出三倍体后,调查苗期的苗高地径、叶片性状、气孔性状、总叶绿素质量分数。研究结果表明:①相同培养条件时,大青杨雄花序露出芽鳞1/2、花药呈红色至深红色、小孢子发育至单核靠边期,且雌花的花序未露出芽鳞时,是诱导大青杨大孢子染色体加倍的合适时机,采用质量分数为0.5%的秋水仙素溶液在24 h内对雌花芽进行3次注射处理为最佳诱导方案。②授粉后54~60 h是诱导大青杨胚囊染色体加倍的有效时期,授粉后54 h时,采用质量分数为0.5%的秋水仙素溶液袋浸处理雌花序18 h为最佳诱导方案。③共获得了7株大青杨小黑杨异源三倍体,其中大孢子染色体加倍途径获得5株,胚囊染色体加倍途径获得2株。④落果率低、种子质量低、成苗率高、配子育性佳的试验组更有可能存在三倍体,结种、育苗表现可作为三倍体前期筛选的参考指标。⑤苗期性状观测后发现大青杨小黑杨异源三倍体具有巨大性和一定的生长优势,这些异源三倍体为今后杨树良种选育与遗传研究提供了可利用的新材料。In order to provide new germplasm for improved variety breeding of poplar,colchicine was used as mutagen,and two 2n female gamete induction pathways of megaspore chromosome doubling and embryo sac chromosome doubling were adopted to create the allotriploid of Populus ussuriensis×(P.simonii×P.nigra).The seed setting and seedling raising performances of each experimental group were investigated,and after the allotriploid was screened and identified,the seedling height,leaf traits,stomatal traits and total chlorophyll content were investigated at the seedling stage.The results showed that:(1)Under the same culture conditions,when 1/2 of the P.ussuriensis male catkin was emerged from the bud scale,the anthers were red to dark red,the microspore development reached the stage of late-uninucleate,and the inflorescence of female catkin was not emerged from the bud scale,it was the appropriate time for induction of megaspore chromosome doubling of P.ussuriensis.Three injections with 0.5%colchicine into the female bud within 24 h was the optimal induction protocol.(2)Pollination after 54-60 h was the effective period for induction of embryo sac chromosome doubling of P.ussuriensis.The best induction scheme was to treat female catkin with 0.5%colchicine soaking treatment for 18 h at 54 h after pollination.(3)A total of seven allotriploids of P.ussuriensis×(P.simonii×P.nigra)were obtained,five from megaspore chromosome doubling and two from embryo sac chromosome doubling.(4)The experimental group with low fruit dropping rate,low thousand kernel weight,high seedling rate and good gamete fertility is more likely to have triploid,and seed setting and seedling performance can be used as reference indexes for early screening of triploid.(5)The observation of seedling traits revealed that the allotriploids of P.ussuriensis×(P.simonii×P.nigra)had great size and certain growth advantages,and these allotriploids would be new materials available for fine variety breeding and genetic research in the future.

关 键 词：大青杨 小黑杨 异源三倍体 2n雌配子 

分 类 号：S792.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]