证明责任在夫妻共同债务认定中的运用问题研究  

A Research on the Application of Burden of Proof to the Determination of Marital Debt

作　　者：杨晋玲[1] YANG Jinling

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院,650091

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2023年第5期20-28,共9页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金“民法典婚姻家庭编与民事诉讼法的对接问题研究”的阶段性成果之一,项目编号:19BFX136。

摘　　要：在我国关于夫妻共同债务的诉讼中,由于法律规定的原则性以及司法解释中债务认定标准和证明责任分配的多变性,使诉讼无论对于夫妻双方还是债权人一方来说,结果都存在着很大的不确定性,导致了司法实务中处于不同的诉讼时期同类案件判决结果截然不同,或者偏向于债权人或者偏向于非举债的夫妻一方,这种权利失衡的现状不仅极大地影响了法的安定性与可预测性,而且造成了人们对司法公正性的信任危机。通过梳理我国婚姻立法及司法解释有关夫妻共同债务认定规则中证明责任的分配问题,以探求夫妻债务立法是否符合婚姻家庭立法的实质精神,是否体现了夫妻财产制立法所应遵循的价值目标。在法律的运行过程中,一项制度的落实还需要相关机制的配合,夫妻共同债务证明责任的分配规范也如此。在实体法明确规定的基础上,程序法还应设置相应的机制来保证这一规定的落实,具体包括法官一定的职权探知和自由心证规则的设定、增设有利于当事人进行证据收集的措施并真正落实另一方当事人的文书提出义务等。In China's lawsuits pertaining to marital debt,the principle of legal provisions and the variability of judicial interpretations on the determination of marital debt and the burden of proof render the litigation results highly uncertain for both the couple and the creditor side,and cause the judicial decisions of similar cases to be exceptionally different in different stages of the lawsuit.This situation of unbalanced right not only undermines the stability and predictability of the law tremendously,but also creates a crisis of trust in judicial fairness.This article reviews China's marriage-related legislations and judicial interpretations with regard to the burden of proof in the determination of marital debt to explore whether the legislations on marital debt comply with the essential spirit of legislations on marriage and family and enshrine the value goals which should be pursued by legislations under the marital property system.In the operation of law,the implementation of a regime requires the complement of relevant institutions,which applies to the issue of regulating the burden of proof with respect to the determination of marital debt.There should be corresponding institutions established in procedural law to guarantee the execution of the clear provisions of substantive law.

关 键 词：夫妻共同债务 共同债务的认定 证明责任 配套措施 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]