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作 者:习海玲 朱安娜 韩世同 XI Hailing;ZHU Anna;HAN Shitong(State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205)
机构地区:[1]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205
出 处:《防化研究》2022年第1期14-25,共12页CBRN DEFENSE
摘 要:化学毒剂具有毒性高、易扩散、大规模杀伤和大范围污染等特点,一旦施放将严重威胁人民生命安全和社会稳定。为提高对化学毒剂的防御与处置能力,各军事强国大力发展化学毒剂消毒技术并研制出多代的化学毒剂消毒剂。从化学毒剂消毒剂消毒的基本要求、消毒剂的作用原理等角度,对消毒剂的早期装备、近30年的研究进展和21世纪以来消毒剂研究的主要进展进行了综述,重点阐述了以酮肟盐消毒剂、过氧化物消毒剂、生物酶消毒剂等为代表的新型高效、快速、环保、安全消毒剂,最后还对未来消毒剂的发展趋势进行了展望。Chemical agents are characterized by high toxicity,easy diffusion,mass destruction and large-scale pollution.In order to improve the ability of defense and disposal of chemical agents,the military powers have vigorously developed chemical agents decontamination technology and formed multiple generations of chemical agents decontaminants.From the perspectives of the basic requirements of the decontaminants for chemical agents,the decontamination principles of chemical agents,etc.,this paper discusses the early decontaminating equipment,its research progress in the past 30 years,and the main aspects of decontamination research since the beginning of this century.The progress is reviewed,focusing on the new high-efficiency,fast,environmentally-friendly and safe decontaminants,such as oximate-based decontaminants,peroxide-based decontaminants,and bio-enzyme decontaminants.Finally,the development of future decontaminants are also discussed.
分 类 号:X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
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