基于3D GIS的突发化学事故危害评估与救援辅助决策支持系统  

3D GIS-based Decision-making Support System for Hazard Assessment and Rescue of Emergent Chemical Accidents

作　　者：朱勇兵 林定[2] 杨浩锋 赵三平 吴小竹[2] 韩梦薇 王巍 ZHU Yongbing;LIN Ding;YANG Haofeng;ZHAO Sanping;WU Xiaozhu;HAN Mengwei;WANG Wei(State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205,China;Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Unit 31959,Xiamen 361024,China)

机构地区：[1]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205 [2]福州大学,福建福州350002 [3]31959部队,福建厦门361024

出　　处：《防化研究》2023年第2期58-65,共8页CBRN DEFENSE

摘　　要：化学事故具有突发性强、环境污染破坏严重、救援难度大等特点,对突发化学事故的影响范围、破坏程度进行快速评估,为事故抢险救援提供决策支持,是应对重特大突发化学事故、降低事故损失的重要手段。本文基于三维地理信息系统(Three-dimensional Geographic Information System,3D GIS),在充分考虑下垫面影响的前提下,研究了大气污染扩散模型,提出了扩散场快速构建技术及兼顾污染分区的救援力量调度方法,并以此为核心建立了系统总体框架,形成了集扩散模拟、危害分析、救援调度等功能于一体的突发化学事故危害评估与救援辅助决策支持系统,可为突发化学事故危害后果评估与辅助救援决策提供有效的技术支撑。Chemical accidents are featured by strong suddenness,severe environmental pollution and damage,and difficult rescue.Rapid assessment of the impact scope and damage degree of sudden chemical accidents,providing decision-making support for accident rescue,is an important means to respond to major chemical accidents and reduce accident losses.Based on the threedimensional geographic information system(3D GIS),with fully consideration of the influence of underlying surface,the atmospheric pollution diffusion model was studied.The diffusion field rapid construction technology and the rescue force dispatching method were proposed,taking into account pollution zones.On this basis,the overall framework of emergency chemical accident hazard assessment and rescue auxiliary decision support system was established,which integrated the functions of diffusion simulation,hazard analysis and rescue dispatching.It is supposed to provide effective technical support for the assessment of the consequences of emergent chemical accidents.

关 键 词：突发化学事故 污染扩散模拟 3D GIS 动态规划 

分 类 号：TQ086.52[化学工程]