养老设施室外环境中4类重要空间的适老化设计——基于使用者的活动及需求  

Elderly-Oriented Design of Four Types of Important Spaces in the Outdoor Environment of Elderly Care Facilities:Based on the Activities and Requirements of Users

作　　者：周燕珉[1] 冯潇逸 ZHOU Yanmin;FENG Xiaoyi(School of Architecture, Tsinghua University;YAHA School of Built Environment, Haikou University of Economics)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院 [2]海口经济学院雅和人居工程学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第9期65-71,共7页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,中国人口老龄化程度不断加深且养老设施数量显著增加,然而养老设施室外环境设计往往忽略了使用者的真实需求,对养老设施室外环境展开深入研究具有很强的现实需求和紧迫性。【方法/过程】通过对国内外养老设施的实地调研,以及对设施内老年人、运营人员及来访亲友的深入访谈,了解其使用需求和对现有室外空间环境的评价,列举并总结出4类重要空间(集体活动广场、楼前活动场地、代际交流活动场地、认知症花园)主要使用者(老年人、护理人员)的活动特点及需求,并以此为出发点对空间设计中常见的问题进行分析。【结果/结论】结合实例,从运营实践和设计优化的角度对中国养老设施室外空间适老化环境建设中存在的问题进行研究探讨,针对4类重要空间提出具有可操作性的适老化设计要点,以期为未来养老设施项目的适老化设计提供指导,并为相关行业标准的制定提供参考。[Objective] In recent years,population aging has become increasingly deepening in China and the number of elderly care facilities has increased significantly.However,the outdoor environment design of elderly care facilities typically ignores the real needs of users.There is a strong practical demand and urgency for in-depth research on the outdoor environment of elderly care facilities.[Methods/process] Based on the field research on domestic and foreign elderly care facilities,and the interviews with the elderly living in elderly care facilities and their visiting relatives and friends as well as the operating personnel of such facilities,this research understands the facility usage requirements of these elderly people and their evaluation of the existing outdoor space environment.In addition,the research lists and summarizes the activity characteristics and needs of users(mainly the elderly and caregivers) of four types of important spaces(collective activity square;activity site in front of building;intergenerational activity site;garden for elderly people with dementia) and,on this basis,analyzes the common problems in space design.[Results/conclusion] Combined with examples,the research,from the perspective of design optimization and operation practice,studies and discusses some problems existing in the construction of elderly-oriented outdoor environment for elderly care facilities in China and,in view of the four types of important spaces mentioned above,proposes some feasible suggestions for elderly-oriented design,in hope of providing guidance for elderly-oriented design of future elderly care facility projects,and providing reference for the formulation of relevant industry standards.

关 键 词：养老设施 老年人活动特点 适老化环境设计 集体活动广场 楼前活动场地 代际交流活动场地 认知症花园 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]