生物多样性背景下城市动物生境营建的策略与方法  

Strategies and Methods for Animal Habitat Construction in the Context of Urban Biodiversity

作　　者：刘芝若 王子涵 程秋爽 尹豪[1,3] LIU Zhiruo;WANG Zihan;CHENG Qiushuang;YIN Hao(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;Beijing Forestry University;Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]北京林业大学 [3]北京林业大学城乡生态环境北京实验室

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第9期96-104,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：北京林业大学热点追踪项目“城市人居环境植物景观资源应用水平与提升策略研究”(编号2022BLRD05);北京市共建项目专项资助(编号2019GJ-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】当前城市化进程的加快对于生物多样性提出了严峻考验,梳理动物生境营建的策略与方法,可为城市生物多样性和绿地生态服务功能提升提供借鉴。【方法】通过综述国内外城市动物生境研究现状,以城市生物多样性保护和提升为导向,探讨动物的生境偏好特征,总结城市动物生境营建的策略和方法。【结果】提出了“要素调查—营建内容—生境管理”的城市动物生境营建基本内容。1)要素调查:以鸟类、小型哺乳类和两栖类动物作为目标类群,调查物种资源和生境资源以明确生态本底信息,并根据动物的生境偏好分析,总结食源地、水源地和庇护地的环境特征。2)营建内容:从植被营建、水体营造和设施构建3个方面,提出城市动物生境的营建方法。3)生境管理:指出持续开展生态监测与游憩管理,有助于设计者或管理者更好地改进优化动物生境。【结论】上述基本内容可为城市生物多样性保护和提升提供理论支撑,也可作为风景园林与生态实践相结合的重要指导依据。对于城市动物栖息环境的优化建设、城市绿色空间生态功能的发挥和可持续发展具有重要意义,具有理论借鉴及规划参考的双重价值。[Objective]In recent years,the rapid development of urbanization has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of cities and the survival of animals living in cities,causing a serious challenge to urban biodiversity.Based on combing the strategies and methods of animal habitat construction,it aims to restore or construct suitable animal habitats to protect and enhance urban biodiversity,which is a theoretical research hotspot that is widely concerned by the academic community.[Method]In view of the protection and enhancement of urban biodiversity,this research reviews the current status of researches on urban animal habitat at home and abroad through literature analysis,and systematically sorts out the researches on animal habitat preferences and habitat environment restoration and improvement.Based on the progress of scientific research and related landscape practice,the research summarizes the strategies and methods for urban animal habitat construction.[Results]The research proposes basic contents for urban animal habitat construction,which are composed of“factor investigation-construction contenthabitat management”.1)Factor investigation includes understanding ecological background information and analyzing habitat preference characteristics.There are many types and quantities of animals in the urban environment,and it is necessary to screen out key species of birds,small mammals and amphibians to improve research efficiency.Through such means as field survey,website data collation,interview survey and map review,the research collects a large amount of data on the type,quantity,distribution and activity rhythm of existing animal species and local ecological base in an effort to grasp the situation of animal resources and site environment in the research area.Based on the analysis of animal habitat preferences,the environmental characteristics of food sources,water sources and shelters to provide a basis for the content of animal habitat construction.2)In terms of construction content,the cons

关 键 词：风景园林 生物多样性 城市动物生境 本底调查 营建内容 监测管理 

分 类 号：TU986.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]