世界一流大学本科招生制度的个性、共性与经验——基于6所不同国家世界一流大学的考察  

Differences and Similarities of the Undergraduate Admission Systems of World⁃class Universities and Their Inspirations:A Survey of Six World⁃class Universities in Different Countries

作　　者：李木洲 傅冠华 LI Muzhou;FU Guanhua(Center for Study of Imperial Examination and Examination Research,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学科举学与考试研究中心,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2023年第5期64-73,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“世界一流大学本科招生制度研究”(20YJC880044)。

摘　　要：世界一流大学的本科招生制度是选拔卓越人才、促进学科发展和推动高等教育质量提升的重要保障。美、英、德、日等6国世界一流大学本科招生制度因政治、经济、文化等国情差异而各具特色,但在追求卓越新生的选拔制度设计上却又存在较多共性特征,包括入学管道多元化、选拔方式多样化、评价体系综合化、招生权利自主化等。当前,我国世界一流大学建设和新一轮高考综合改革亟需优化高校本科招生制度,美、英、德、日等6国世界一流大学本科招生制度,为破解我国高考多样化改革的难题、优化我国世界一流大学建设高校本科招生制度提供了诸多经验:一是着力深化推进高考多元评价改革;二是加强高考多样化改革的科学性;三是注重发挥高考制度的教育功能;四是进一步扩大高校的自主招生权。The undergraduate admission system of world⁃class universities is an important guarantee for selecting outstanding talents,promoting the development of disciplines and improving the quality of higher education.The undergraduate admission systems of the six world⁃class universities in the United States,Britain,Germany and Japan etc.have their own characteristics due to their different political,economic and cultural conditions.Meanwhile,there are also many common features in the design of the systems for selecting outstanding freshmen,including multiple channels for admission,diversified selection methods,comprehensive evaluation system,and autonomy in enrollment.At present,there is an urgent need to optimize the undergraduate admission system for the construction of world⁃class universities in China and for the new round of comprehensive reform of college entrance examination.The undergraduate admission systems of the six world⁃class universities could be of reference for China in solving its problems in the diversified reform of college entrance examination and in optimizing the undergraduate admission system of its world⁃class universities.Firstly,efforts should be made to deepen the reform of comprehensive evaluation of college entrance examination.The second is to make the diversified reform of the college entrance examination more scientific.Thirdly,attention should be paid to the educational function of the college entrance examination system.The fourth is to further expand the enrollment autonomy of colleges and universities.

关 键 词：世界一流大学 本科招生制度 统一考试 综合评价 多元录取 招生自主权 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]