超宽行丛式甘蔗花生复合栽培模式对二者光合物质生产的影响  

Effects of Wide-Row and Clustered Sugarcane Intercropping with Peanut on Their Photosynthetic Production

作　　者：李忠[1] 黄志鹏[2] 吴海宁[2] 唐荣华[2] 唐秀梅[2] 贺梁琼[2] 韩柱强[2] 蒋菁[2] LI Zhong;HUANG Zhi-peng;WU Hai-ning;TANG Rong-hua;TANG Xiu-mei;HE Liang-qiong;HAN Zhu-qiang;JIANG Jing(Guangxi Crop Genetic Im provement and Biotechnology Laboratory,Nanning 530007,China;Economic Crops Research Institute,Guang.xi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第3期48-55,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32260544);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-13-华南区栽培);广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035492);广西农科院基本科研业务专项(2021YT053&2022YM03)。

摘　　要：为明确超宽行丛式甘蔗花生复合栽培模式的生态经济效应,探究超宽行丛式甘蔗花生复合栽培的高效生产机制,并为该模式的推广应用提供科学依据,设置超宽行丛式甘蔗花生复合栽培(IS+IP处理)、单作甘蔗(MS处理)和单作花生(MP处理)3种栽培模式,分别于花生开花下针期、结荚期、成熟期及甘蔗收获期对土壤温度和湿度、叶片光合速率和叶绿素含量、农艺性状等指标进行测定,分析该模式的生产效益,揭示其高效生产机制。IS+IP处理的土壤含水量在花生三个生育期分别比单作甘蔗和单作花生提高5.1%-93.8%和17.0%-94.7%,其中间作花生边行(IP-1)土壤保水效果优于中行(IP-2)。在IS+IP模式中,花生和甘蔗的土壤温度均分别低于单作花生和单作甘蔗,但差异均未达显著水平(P>0.05);花生叶片光合速率和叶片SPAD值降低,以花生成熟期IP-1叶片光合速率和叶片SPAD值降幅最大,与MP处理相比分别降低16.0%和16.4%。甘蔗的叶片光合速率和叶片SPAD值提高,在花生三个生育期增幅分别达到4.2%-18.5%和6.4%-20.0%。IS+IP处理表现出明显的间作优势,土地当量比(LER)值达到1.62,其中,IS+IP处理甘蔗收获期的单茎质量和产量均高于MS处理,分别较MS处理显著提高21.2%和18.3%(P<0.05);而花生株高较MP处理增加,在成熟期IP-1和IP-2处理的株高分别较MP-1和MP-2显著提高20.5%和25.5%(P<0.05),IP处理的花生根干质量在开花下针期和成熟期较MP处理显著降低23.4%-27.0%(P<0.05),IP处理的单株产量在成熟期较MP处理降低6.7%。在IS+IP模式下,花生产量达到1 643 kg/hm^(2),甘蔗产量达91 731 kg/hm^(2),较MS处理显著增产18.3%(P<0.05)。IS+IP处理的经济效益相比MS处理显著增加175.6%(P<0.05)。超宽行丛式甘蔗花生复合栽培使甘蔗达到较好的增产效果,并增加一造花生产量,是值得推广应用的高效种植模式。In order to clarify the physiological and ecological effects of the wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut,so as to provide a scientific basis for exploring the high efficiency production mechanism and application of wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut.Three cultivation modes,wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut(IS+IP),monoculture sugarcane(MS),and monoculture peanut(MP),were set to study the high efficient production mechanism of the wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut.The soil temperature and moisture,leaf photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content,and agronomic traits were measured at peanut acicula-forming stage,pod-bearing stage and maturity stage,and sugarcane harvest stage,respectively.The results showed that IS+IP treatment had better water retention effect,which increased by 5.1%-93.8%and 17.0%-94.7%compared with MS and MP treatments at each measurement period,respectively,and soil water retention effect of peanut side row(IP-1)was better than that of middle row peanut(IP-2).The soil temperature of IS+IP treatment was lower than that of MS and MP treatments respectively,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).IS+IP treatment decreased the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of peanut leaves.The leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf SPAD value decreased by 16.0%and 16.4%in the peanut mature stage,respectively.IS+IP treatment increased the photosynthetic rate and SPAD value of sugarcane leaves,which growth rate reached 4.2%-18.5%and 6.4%-20.0%,respectively.In the three peanut growth periods,IS+IP treatment showed obvious intercropping advantage with the LER value of 1.62.The sugarcane stem mass and yield of IS+IP treatment at harvest period were higher than those under MS treatment,of which sugarcane stem mass and yield were significantly increased by 21.2%and 18.3%(P<0.05),respectively.IS+IP treatment increased peanut plant height but decreased peanut root dry matter mass and yield per plant.The plant height of IP-1 and IP

关 键 词：甘蔗 花生 间作 复合栽培模式 光合物质生产 

分 类 号：S565.204.7[农业科学—作物学] S344.2