蓖麻饼粕有机肥不同施肥量对花生田土壤养分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Application Rates of Castor Meal Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient and Enzyme Activities in Peanut Field

作　　者：李明静 罗蕊[1] 梁啸天 户雪妹 顾晓慧 于华清 张驰 王志妍 尹明达 黄凤兰[1,3] LI Ming-jing;LUO Rui;LIANG Xiao-tian;HU Xue-mei;GU Xiao-hui;YU Hua-qing;ZHANG Chi;WANG Zhi-yan;YIN Ming-da;HUANG Feng-lan(College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering,Inmer Mongolia Minzu Universitry,Tongliao 028000,China;Da peng Village of Huangcheng Town in Linzi District,Zibo 255000,China;Key Lab.of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission,Imner Mongolia Minzu University/Imner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor/Imer Mongolia Key Lab.of Castor Breeding and Com prehensive Utilixation/Iner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Irnovation of Castor,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学生命科学与食品学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]山东省淄博市临淄区皇城镇大蓬村,山东淄博255000 [3]内蒙古民族大学蓖麻育种国家民委重点实验室/内蒙古自治区高校蓖麻产业工程技术研究中心/内蒙古自治区蓖麻育种与综合利用重点实验室/蓖麻产业技术创新内蒙古自治区工程研究中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第3期73-83,共11页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目(2021MS03008);内蒙古自治区蓖麻产业协同创业中心开放基金项目(MDK2021011,MDK2022014);2020年教育部新农科研究与改革实践项目(2020114);内蒙古自治区草原英才创新团队——蓖麻分子育种研究创新人才团队滚动支持计划(2022);2023年内蒙古自治区蓖麻育种与综合利用重点实验室建设项目;2021年度国家民委高等教育教学改革研究项目(21082);2022年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(237);内蒙古民族大学2023年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(225,227,244)。

摘　　要：为探究蓖麻饼粕有机肥对花生田土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响,以四粒红为试验材料,设不施肥(CK),0.5倍化肥(FH0),1倍化肥(FH1),2倍化肥(FH2),0.5倍蓖麻饼粕有机肥(BM0),1倍蓖麻饼粕有机肥(BM1),2倍蓖麻饼粕有机肥(BM2)7个处理,分析不同处理对花生田土壤养分及脲酶(URE)、磷酸酶(APL)、蔗糖酶(SUC)活性的影响。结果表明,蓖麻饼粕有机肥提高了土壤有机碳、全磷、速效磷含量,显著增加土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量。其中BM2处理的全磷、全氮、有机碳增幅较大,比CK分别增加了96%、90%、77%。施用蓖麻饼粕有机肥显著提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性,较CK分别增加了2.85、2.37、1.16倍,且BM2处理下的土壤酶活性在花生收获期效果最显著。以上结果表明,蓖麻饼粕有机肥能够不同程度地提高土壤养分及土壤酶活性,以BM2为本试验条件下的最佳施肥量。蓖麻饼粕有机肥的使用对土壤改良及化肥的减量施用具有重要意义,本研究为内蒙古自治区花生田优化施肥提供了理论依据。In order to investigate the effects of castor meal organic fertilizer on soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities in peanut field,a peanut variety Silihong were used as experimental material,and seven treatments,including no fertilization(CK),0.5 times fertilizer(FH0),1 time fertilizer(FH1),2 times fertilizer(FH2),0.5 times castor meal organic fertilizer(BM0),1 time castor meal organic fertilizer(BM1),2 times castor meal organic fertilizer(BM2),were set.The effects of different treatments on soil nutrients and activities of soil urease,phosphatase and sucrase in peanut field were analyzed.The results showed that castor meal organic fertilizer increased the contents of organic carbon,total phosphorus and available phosphorus,and significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium.Among them,the total phosphorus,total nitrogen and organic carbon treated by BM2 increased by 96%,90%and 77%compared with CK.Application of castor meal organic fertilizer significantly increased the activities of soil urease,phosphatase and sucrase by 2.85,2.37 and 1.16 times compared with CK respectively,and the effect of soil enzyme activities under BM2 treatment was the most significant at the harvest stage.The results showed that the organic fertilizer of castor meal could improve soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities to different degrees,and BM2 treatment was the best application rate.The application of castor meal organic fertilizer is of great significance to soil improvement and fertilizer reduction,and the study provides theoretical basis for peanut fertilizer application in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

关 键 词：蓖麻饼粕有机肥 花生田 土壤养分 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S141.5