家庭花园对城市生物多样性的贡献与展望  

Contribution and Prospect of Home Gardens to Urban Biodiversity

作　　者：江雨 高亦珂[1] Jiang Yu;Gao Yike(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2023年第4期66-72,共7页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

摘　　要：家庭花园作为城市绿色空间的组成部分,其生态价值没有被充分重视和利用。基于世界各地家庭花园生物多样性的调查研究,从栖息地多样性、植物多样性、动物多样性3个层面论述它们支持生物多样性的水平:家庭花园具有复杂多样的栖息地种类;欧美地区家庭花园植物种类多于亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲,以观赏植物为主;家庭花园植物多样性主要与自然地理和社会经济因素相关,社会经济影响更大;动物多样性主要取决于植物多样性和植被结构复杂性。在梳理各国研究与实践的基础上总结出保护和提升家庭花园生物多样性的3种主要措施:促进居民进行生态园艺建设,加强政府和非政府组织的推动作用,将家庭花园纳入绿色空间规划。最后基于我国家庭花园发展现状提出展望:应加强调查研究工作、通过宣传等活动促进公民参与、完善相关规划体系、加强多方合作,以促进家庭花园在城市可持续发展中充分发挥作用。As a component of urban green space,the ecological value of home gardens has not been fully valued and utilized.Based on the research on the biodiversity of home gardens across the world,we discuss how home gardens contribute to the level of biodiversity from the 3 levels of habitat diversity,plant diversity and animal diversity.Home gardens have complex and diverse types of habitats.Home gardens in Europe and America have more plant species than those in Asia,Africa,and Latin America,which are dominated by ornamental plants.Plant diversity in home gardens is mainly related to physical geographic and socio-economic factors,while socio-economic factors have more influence.Animal diversity depends mainly on plant diversity and vegetation structural complexity.After summarizing the research and the practices in various countries,we conclude that there are three main measures to protect and enhance the biodiversity of home gardens,i.e.,engaging residents in eco-horticulture activities,strengthening the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations,and incorporating home gardens into green space planning.At the end,in view of the current situation of home garden development in China,it is proposed that more efforts should be taken to strengthen the investigation and research,encourage the participation of citizens through publicity,improve the planning system,and uphold the multi-stakeholder cooperation,so as to promote home gardens to give full play to their roles in the sustainable urban development.

关 键 词：家庭花园 城市生物多样性 绿色空间 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]