热塑性聚酰胺弹性纤维的结构与性能  

Structure and properties of thermoplastic polyamide elastic fibers

作　　者：杨倩 翁鸣[1] 张梦茹 王秀华[1] YANG Qian;WENG Ming;ZHANG Mengru;WANG Xiuhua(National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学纺织纤维材料与加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,杭州310018

出　　处：《现代纺织技术》2023年第5期96-105,共10页Advanced Textile Technology

基　　金：浙江省现代纺织技术创新中心定向项目(CXZX2022010HD)。

摘　　要：以热塑性聚酰胺弹性体为原料,使用卧式微量单孔挤出机制备了TPAE初生丝和牵伸丝。采用单纱强力机、X射线衍射仪及万能试验机等对TPAE纤维结构和性能进行表征,探讨了牵伸和热定型工艺对TPAE纤维结晶、取向、弹性回复率和热收缩性能的影响。结果表明:随牵伸倍数提高,TPAE纤维结晶度、取向度、弹性回复率和沸水收缩率均增大,抗蠕变性能提高。随热定型温度提高,TPAE纤维结晶度、取向度、和弹性回复率增大,抗蠕变性能提高,沸水收缩率下降。在牵伸倍数4倍,热定型温度为120℃时,TPAE纤维弹性回复率在定伸长15%时达91.5%,在定伸长50%时达90.7%,沸水收缩率达27.0%。研究结果为开拓TPAE在纤维方面的应用提供借鉴。With the improvement of people's living standards,consumer's demand for textile function has shifted from warmth and beauty to more details such as comfort and appropriateness.Among them,elastic clothing has been favored by many consumers due to its shaping and comfort properties.Elastic fibers are synthetic fibers with low modulus,high elongation,and high elastic recovery,and can be divided into intrinsic elastic fibers and form elastic fibers according to their elastic mechanisms.Intrinsic elastic fibers mainly include polyurethane elastic fibers,polyester elastic fibers,and polyolefin elastic fibers.Among them,polyurethane elastic fibers are widely welcomed due to their excellent performance,but they cannot be used as bare yarns and are often used in the form of wrapped yarns with other fibers;form elastic fibers such as bicomponent composite crimped fibers have good elastic recovery rate under small forces,but lack intrinsic elasticity after crimping is eliminated.Thermoplastic polyamide elastomer(TPAE),a new type of thermoplastic elastomer,is composed of polyamide hard segments and aliphatic polyester or polyether soft segments.Due to the thermodynamic incompatibility between the soft and hard chain segments of TPAE,a microphase separation structure is produced.The hard chain segment of TPAE is rich in crystalline microregions and hydrogen bonds,and its type determines the mechanical properties such as hardness,wear resistance,and chemical resistance of TPAE;the soft segment is located in the amorphous region,and its type determines its low-temperature mechanical properties,flexibility,and elongation.Therefore,the content ratio of soft and hard chain segments and the degree of polymerization have decisive influence on the physical properties of TPAE.Compared with TPU with excellent elastic recovery rates,TPAE has better thermal stability,with a maximum operating temperature of 175℃and can be used for a long time at 150℃.Therefore,TPAE is widely used in sports,aerospace,medicine and other fields,but there

关 键 词：热塑性聚酰胺弹性体 弹性回复率 结晶 取向 热收缩 

分 类 号：TQ342.11[化学工程—化纤工业]