电价交叉补贴收入再分配效应及阶梯电价改进  

Income Redistribution Effect of Electricity Price Cross-Subsidies and Improvement of Ladder Electricity Price

作　　者：刘思强[1,2] 丁娜 孙英楷 叶泽[1,2] 吴永飞[1,2] 王亚莉[1,2] LIU Siqiang;DING Na;SUN Yingkai;YE Ze;WU Yongfei;WANG Yali(School of Economics and Management,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;China Electricity Price Research Center,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]长沙理工大学中国电价研究中心,湖南长沙410114 [3]国网河北省电力有限公司,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《中国电力》2023年第9期79-86,共8页Electric Power

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(绿色发展理念下电价交叉补贴精准处理机制及实现路径研究,17BJY059)。

摘　　要：能否“妥善处理电价交叉补贴”是制约新一轮电力市场深化改革的瓶颈问题。通过采集河北省2017年居民用电消费大数据,运用价差法和Dagum基尼系数及其划分标准,从收入再分配角度实证分析了居民电价交叉补贴的公平性问题。结果表明,按用电量规模由低到高分组,居民享受电价交叉补贴在组内呈现出两头大、中间小的U型波动趋势;在组间存在较为明显的两极差异,且随用电量差异增大,组间不公平程度扩大,基尼系数最高达到0.897 1。实证研究显示,目前阶梯电价政策由于阶梯数量及分档电量设置不精细,造成了交叉补贴收入再分配效应呈现极度不公。依据公平原则,提出了阶梯数量、分档电量划分的改进措施,以实现精准补贴。Whether we can“properly handle the cross-subsidies of electricity price”is becoming the key problem throttling the progress of new round of power market-oriented deepening reform.Based on the big data of electricity consumption of residents in Hebei Province in 2017,the price-gap approach,Dagum Gini coefficient and its dividing standard are applied in this paper to empirically analyze the fairness of cross-subsidies of residential electricity price from the perspective of income redistribution.The results show that grouped by the scale of electricity consumption from low to high,residents benefiting the cross-subsidies of electricity price within the group,exhibit a U-shaped fluctuation trend,i.e.,high Gini coefficient values at both ends and low values in the middle part of the curve.Moreover,polarized differences are observed between groups.Particularly with the increasing gap of electricity consumption between these groups,the levels of inequality between groups rise as well,and the corresponding Gini coefficient reaches as high as 0.8971.The empirical study shows that the current step price policy results in extremely unfair redistribution effect of cross-subsidy income due to the coarse-grained settings of step quantity and graded electricity quantity.According to the principle of fairness,the improvement of step quantity and graded electricity division are put forward to make the subsidies more precise.

关 键 词：电价交叉补贴 公平性 Dagum基尼系数 收入再分配 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济]