有效微生物菌群(EM)对加州鲈池塘养殖水质和水体菌群结构的影响  

Effects of effective microorganisms(EM)on water quality and microbial communities of aquatic water in Micropterus salmoides culture

作　　者：胡佳雯 聂志娟[1] 郑兆伟 李士恒 孙毅 邵乃麟 徐钢春[1] 徐跑[1] HU Jia-wen;NIE Zhi-juan;ZHENG Zhao-wei;LI Shi-heng;SUN Yi;SHAO Nai-lin;XU Gang-chun;XU Pao(Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China;Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [2]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2023年第5期32-40,共9页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓科技创新专项(2019YFD0900301)。

摘　　要：为探究定期添加有效微生物菌群(EM)对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)池塘养殖水质和菌群结构的影响。本研究在Ⅰ期(4月10号)、Ⅱ期(5月10号)、Ⅲ期(6月10号)和Ⅳ期(7月10号)对实验组(EL)和对照组(L)进行监测,并通过水质理化指标、16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析了每个时期的水质和菌群结构。结果显示:相比于对照组,实验组池塘中在Ⅲ期亚硝酸氮含量显著降低了0.18 mg/L;实验期水体主要优势菌门为拟杆菌、变形菌、放线菌、蓝细菌等,其中拟杆菌为实验组在Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期的丰度最高菌,丰度分别为42.07%、38.52%,而对照组在Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期丰度最高菌为放线菌,丰度分别为71.83%、31.37%;蓝细菌在实验组的养殖前期丰度较大,但在后期(Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期)丰度小于1%,而对照组在整个采样期,蓝细菌丰度都大于1%;在Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期,实验组水体中分支杆菌属相对丰度极显著低于对照组。pd指数显示,实验组在Ⅰ期(4月份)多样性pd指数显著低于对照组,而在Ⅲ期(7月份)的多样性pd指数及其显著高于对照组。PCoA和聚类结果显示,在养殖实验后期(Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期)实验组相比较于对照组,距离更近,样品间重叠,并聚为一类。分析表明,添加EM菌可以改善养殖水体水质,改变养殖水体的菌群结构,增加水体菌群多样性,减少病原菌的丰度,对蓝藻有一定的控制和抑制效应,养殖水体的微生态系统稳定性有所提高。Micropterus salmoides is an important economic fish.Its production has been increasing these years.However,most regions are mainly dominated by high-density intensive pond culture,leading to eutrophication of water bodies and outbreaks of cyanobacteria,seriously hindering the healthy development of M.salmoides culture.Effective microorganisms is a kind of mixed bacteria that can regulate the microbial structure of the water body,reduce pathogenic bacteria,and improve the water quality.M.salmoides were divided into the control group(L)and an experimental group(EL)to investigate the effects of the regular addition of EM on the water quality and microbial community structure in pond culture.The experimental group was sprinkled with them every ten days.Water quality and microbial structure were analyzed in period I(April 10th),periodⅡ(May10th),periodⅢ(June 10th)and periodⅣ(July 10th),respectively.The results showed that compared to the control group,the experimental pond had a significantly lower nitrite level,reduced by 0.18 mg/L.And the main dominant bacteria were Bacteroides,Proteobacteria,Actinomycetes and Cyanobacteriam during the experiment period.Furthermore,in the experimental group,Bacteroides had the highest abundance in periodⅢandⅣ,while Actinomycetes had the highest abundance in the control group.The abundance of cyanobacteria was higher in the early stage of culture in the experimental group,which was less than 1%in the later stage(periodⅢandⅣ),while the abundance of cyanobacteria was more than 1%in the whole periods in the control group.The relative abundance of mycobacteria in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group in periodⅢandⅣ.The PD index of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group in period I(April),and was significantly higher than that of the control group in periodⅢ(July).PCoA and clustering analysis showed that samples of the experimental group were closer than that of the control group in periodⅢ

关 键 词：有效微生物菌群 大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides) 菌群结构 高通量测序 水质调节 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]