不同树龄石榴园土壤养分调查与评价  

Investigation and Evaluation of Soil Nutrients in Pomegranate Orchard with Different Tree ages

作　　者：王景艳 寇伟锋 姜超强[3] 高飞 WANG Jing-yan;KOU Wei-feng;JIANG Chao-qiang(Anhui Provincial State Farms Group,Hefei,Anhui 230061;Anhui Rural and Social Science and Technology Development Center,Hefei,Anhui 230088;Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农垦集团有限公司,安徽合肥230061 [2]安徽省农村与社会科技发展中心,安徽合肥230088 [3]安徽省农业科学院,安徽合肥230031 [4]宿州市埇桥区夹沟镇农业综合服务中心,安徽宿州234102

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第17期125-128,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安徽省重点研究和开发计划项目(1804g07020163)。

摘　　要：[目的]测定石榴园土壤养分含量,评价其丰缺状况,为果园养分管理和科学施肥提供参考。[方法]在安徽省宿州市埇桥区选取4种不同树龄(1、3、5、10年)的石榴园,对其pH、有机质、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量进行测定,根据相关分级标准,分析果园土壤养分丰缺状况。[结果]研究区域内石榴园土壤pH为7.62~8.52,呈中性至弱碱性;土壤有机质含量为11.1~31.7 g/kg,有机质含量相对缺乏,70%的果园土壤有机质含量低于20 g/kg;速效氮含量为41.2~138.6 mg/kg,其中85%的果园土壤速效氮含量低于90 mg/kg,总体表现为缺乏水平;土壤有效磷(20.5 mg/kg)和速效钾(189.8 mg/kg)均较为丰富。不同树龄果园0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于20~40 cm土层;石榴园土壤有机质、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均随树龄的增加呈降低趋势。[结论]综合不同树龄果园和不同土层土壤养分含量及差异,该区域石榴园应注重提升土壤有机质,适当增加氮肥施用量,改进施肥方式,提高肥料利用率。[Objective]To provide reference for orchard nutrient management and scientific fertilization,the soil nutrients content was determined and evaluated in the Yongqiao district of Suzhou City,Anhui Province.[Method]The soil of pomegranate orchards with four different tree ages(1,3,5 and 10 years)were selected to determine the pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents,and the abundance and deficiency of these soil nutrients were also analyzed according to the relevant grading standards.[Result]The soil pH of pomegranate orchards was 7.62-8.52,indicating the soils belong to weakly alkaline soil.The content of organic matter was 11.1-31.7 g/kg,and 70%of the orchards were short of soil organic matter(lower than 20 g/kg).The content of soil available nitrogen was 41.2-138.6 mg/kg,and 85%of the orchards were deficiency in soil available nitrogen(lower than 90 mg/kg).The soil available phosphorus(20.5 mg/kg)and available potassium(189.8 mg/kg)were abundant.The contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those in 20-40 cm soil layer.Moreover,the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were decreased with the increasing of tree age.[Conclusion]Based on contents and differences of soil nutrient in the orchards of different tree ages and soil layers,the pomegranate orchards should pay attention to increasing soil organic matter,increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application,improving fertilization method,and improving the utilization rate of fertilizers.

关 键 词：石榴园 土壤养分 树龄 土层 评价 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]