论数据要素按贡献参与分配的价值基础——基于广义价值论的视角  

The Value Basis for Data Participating in Distribution by Contribution:From thePerspective of the General Theory of Value

作　　者：蔡继明 曹越洋 刘乐易 CAI Jiming;CAo Yueyang;LIU Leyi(School of Social Science,Tsinghua University;School of Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business;School of Economics,Zhejiang Gongshang University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院 [2]首都经济贸易大学经济学院 [3]浙江工商大学经济学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2023年第8期5-24,共20页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(16ZDA241);清华大学自主科研项目(20165080065)的资助。

摘　　要：本文旨在从理论上阐明数据要素按贡献参与分配的价值基础,以期更好地贯彻落实中共二十大报告精神,深化要素市场化改革,完善按要素分配政策制度,促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合。本文首先借助广义价值论框架,依次分析了数据要素的使用对劳动生产力、综合生产力和比较生产力的提高所产生的影响,进而依据比较生产力与价值量正相关原理,论证了作为非劳动生产要素之一的数据要素可以提高部门单位平均劳动耗费创造的价值量,从而揭示了数据要素参与价值创造的途径。其次,在阐明数据要素按贡献参与分配的价值基础后,本文构建了引入数据要素的功能性分配模型,分解出数据要素对价值创造所做的贡献以及相应地参与价值分配的份额,强调数据要素的报酬应与数据要素对价值创造所做的贡献相一致。最后,本文具体分析了数据要素的产权界定与分配机制。数据要素的价值是通过数据价值链不同环节与其他要素相结合实现的,接入各环节的每一方在这几个环节中有对数据要素的使用权,收益权按照其接入环节时控制数据使之收益增值的部分得到分配,并强调数据要素按贡献参与分配必须借助于一个完备有效的要素市场才能实现。This study aims to theoretically clarify the value basis of data participating in distribution according to their contributions to better implement the spirit of the report of the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,deepen the reform of the factor market,improve the policy system of distribution according to factors,and promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy.Within this context,the underlying value basis for the contribution-based distribution of data has emerged as a significant theoretical issue that economists must address.To explore this topic,this study employs the framework of the general theory of value to analyze the impact of data utilization on key economic indicators,including labor productivity,comprehensive productivity,and comparative productivity.Guided by the principle that comparative productivity is positively correlated with value,the study argues that data,as a nonlabor production factor,have the capacity to enhance sectoral comprehensive productivity and comparative productivity by improving the corresponding absolute productivity.This,in turn,enables the creation of more value per unit of labor input.Through this analysis,the study reveals the mechanism through which value is distributed among data elements based on their contribution and value creation.Building upon this foundational understanding,the study constructs a functional distribution model that includes data and facilitates contribution-based distribution.By dissecting the contribution made by data elements to value creation,the model determines their corresponding share in value distribution.Consequently,the study provides theoretical insights into the value basis underlying the contribution-based distribution of data.Furthermore,this study delves into the complex issues of property rights and distribution mechanisms about data factors.It highlights how the value of data is realized through its integration with other factors across various stages of the data value chain.The stu

关 键 词：数据要素 综合生产力 比较生产力 价值创造 功能性分配 

分 类 号：F015[经济管理—政治经济学]