从体制到话语:当代美国国家体制的双重嬗变  

Shifting from the Structure of the States to Discourse:On the Double Changes of the Contemporary U.S.System of Organization

作　　者：张佳俊 ZHANG Jiajun(Institute of American Studies,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2023年第4期133-142,共10页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(“美国社会文化”优势学科);中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目“美国行政国家制度研究”(2023YQNQD062)的研究成果。

摘　　要：重新认识美国,首先是重新理解当代美国国家体制。20世纪以来,围绕国家体制,美国发生了双重嬗变:一方面,分权结构向行政集中,整个行政系统自我强化,党派政治也在客观上托举起超级行政权,最终促使一种新的行政主导体制登上历史舞台;另一方面,由于新体制与18、19世纪的美国政治传统背道而驰,为了证成新体制的合法性,美国知识界在批判和辩护的相反相成之中,共同推动话语变革,呈现出一套整体连贯又充满张力的合法化叙事。这一体制与话语的双重变迁耐人寻味,对于我们认识一个真实的美国,把握当代美国的政治机理,至关重要。It is necessary to rethink the contemporary system of organization in order to understand the operation of the United States of America.The U.S.system has changed twice since the 2oth century.Following the transformation from the separation of power to executive centralization,the self-reinforcement of U.S.administrative system,and the emergence of super executive power promoted by party politics,a new administration-oriented system has been formed.This constitutes one change.The other change is a change of discourse promoted by American intellectuals to reconcile the contradiction between the new system and the U.S.political tradition formed in the 18th and 19th centuries.These two changes are very important for us to understand the contemporary U.S.political logics.

关 键 词：美国国家体制 行政国家 行政主导体制 合法性 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]