从“列郡”到“国都”——唐宋城门营建与改建工程所见城门制度与时人观念  

From Prefectural Center to Imperial Capital:The Institution of City Gates and Related Ideas Reflected in the Construction and Reconstruction Projects of Tang and Song City Gates

作　　者：王子奇 WANG Ziqi(School of History,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2023年第4期143-156,共14页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“隋唐洛阳城遗址考古发掘资料的整理和综合研究”(LSYZD2019);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)“中国古代城门营建制度及其反映的礼制因素”(21XNF022)项目成果。

摘　　要：城门是城市中的重要构成要素,除军事、建筑功能外还具有较强的“礼仪性”。中国古代都城城门至汉代已确立采用三门道的制度。至隋唐时期进一步发展,形成了一套京城、都城、府州城及其他一般城市彼此不同的城门规制。北宋诸京城门,特别宫城正门的营建与改建也先后受到隋唐洛阳城和长安城的影响,以东京宫城正门为例,北宋初期为下列三门道前出双阙,晚期则改建为下列五门道前出双阙。这也进一步影响到宋代地方城市城门的营建与改建,反映出宋人观念中“列郡”“国都”的城门制度有所区别。The building of city gates carried ritual significance in pre-modern China.The gates of the capital cities Chang'an and Luoyang in the Han Dynasties were built with three doorways.Till the Sui and Tang Dynasties,a system of constructing city gates had been established.The more important the city was,the more doorways were constructed in its gates.The construction and reconstruction of the city gates of the capitals in the Northern Song Dynasty,especially the main gate of the palace city,were also influenced by institutions of Luoyang and Changan in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.Take,for example,the Song capital city Kaifeng.The southern gate of the palace city was reconstructed with three doorways and two gate towers in the early Northern Song Dynasty,just like Luoyang.Then,following the institution of Chang'an,the gate was reconstructed with five doorways in the later period.This further influenced the construction and reconstruction of local cities in the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：城门 制度 观念 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] K242[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史] K878