一个兼顾公平与效率的污染物减排新思路:基于六大高耗能行业二氧化硫减排的模拟  

A New Idea of Pollutant Abatement Considering Both Equity and Efficiency:Simulation Based on Sulfur Dioxide Abatement in Six Major Energy-intensive Industries

作　　者：周亦 沈子玥 魏楚 ZHOU Yi;SHEN Ziyue;WEI Chu(School of Applied Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Beijing Xiaoju Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102299,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学应用经济学院,北京100872 [2]北京小桔科技有限公司,北京102299

出　　处：《计量经济学报》2023年第3期722-744,共23页China Journal of Econometrics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(72261147760);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(23XNH158)。

摘　　要：环境污染的治理是中国发展的重要议题,污染物的减排必然面对一定的成本.在环境保护与经济发展的权衡取舍下,减排责任的合理分配成为了环境政策制定的关键抓手.然而,如何通过减排责任的最优分配来实现全社会减排成本的最小化?这一核心问题仍然缺乏理论回答.对此,本文提出了一个“效率优先,公平补偿”的兼顾公平与效率的污染物减排新思路,并基于中国六大高耗能行业的二氧化硫减排进行模拟分析.利用企业级数据和方向距离函数方法,本文测算了边际减排成本并构建了边际减排成本曲线,以此定量验证了本文减排新思路下减排总成本的最小化和福利改进.结果表明:按照六大行业每年减排1%的目标计算,相比于“按排放比例分配减排量”的传统方案,本文的“两步走”方案能够使社会总体和每一个排放主体都节省高达97.67%的减排成本.此外,污染物边际减排成本的行业间异质性得以凸显,边际减排成本曲线的应用价值得到体现.在减排责任分配的方案设计和边际减排成本的微观估计方面,本文提供了有益的参考.The control of environmental pollution is an important issue for China’s development,while the reduction of pollutant emissions will inevitably face some cost.Under the trade-off between environmental protection and economic development,the rational allocation of emission reduction responsibilities has become a breakthrough in the formulation of environmental policies.However,how to minimize the abatement cost for the whole society through the optimal allocation of emission reduction responsibilities?This core question still lacks a theoretical answer.In this regard,this paper proposes a new idea of“priority for efficiency,compensation for equity”for pollutant abatement that takes both equity and efficiency into account,conducting a simulation analysis based on the sulfur dioxide abatement in six major energy-intensive industries in China.Using firm-level data and directional-distance-function-based method,this paper estimates the marginal abatement cost and constructs the marginal abatement cost curve,quantitatively verifying the minimization of total abatement cost and the improvement of social welfare under this paper’s new idea.The results show that,assuming that the six major industries have an annual abatement target of 1%,compared with the traditional plan that“allocating reduction responsibilities according to the emission ratios”,the“two-step”scheme in this paper can save the abatement cost up to 97.67% for the whole society and each emission subject.In addition,the interindustry heterogeneity in the marginal abatement cost of pollutants is highlighted,and the application value of the marginal abatement cost curve is reflected.This paper provides a useful reference for the scheme design of responsibility allocation and the estimation of marginal abatement cost at the micro level.

关 键 词：减排分配 边际减排成本 方向距离函数 二氧化硫 高耗能行业 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]