国家主权豁免的法理基础和外交实践:以“密苏里州诉中国案”为视域  

The Jurisprudence and Diplomatic Practice of State Immunity:From the Perspective of Missouri v.China Case

作　　者：江河[1,2] 谢宝仪 Jiang He;Xie Baoyi

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院 [2]中南财经政法大学国际法治与国家安全研究所

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2023年第3期1-15,共15页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：在逆全球化和民粹主义兴起的背景下,中国在美国司法实践中多次被列为被告,国家主权豁免原则的适用成为国际法学界的热点问题。国际法的碎片化、民族文化多元以及各国国际法外交实践的差异,使国家豁免理论的现有学术研究缺乏理论解释力和实践应用性。在这种情形下,法学的横向基本范畴有利于为不确定的和开放的国际法建构最低限度的教义学。以“密苏里州诉中国案”为视域,法学的主体论、本体论和运行论可以有效地阐释被告法律地位、国家豁免规范体系及其适用的基本原理。在理论与实践的互动中,国际法的双重法理揭示了国家主权豁免例外规则政治化和国际政治问题法律化的实践逻辑。以国家主权的双重属性为框架,建构有关国家主权豁免问题的学术体系和话语体系有利于中国制定应对美国滥诉的外交路线图,从而维护中国的合法权益,并为国际和平与安全作出应有的贡献。Against the background of the rise of anti-globalization and populism,China has been frequently targeted as the defendant in the judicial practice of the United States,and the application of the principle of state immunity has become a hot issue in the circle of international law.The fragmentation of international law,the diversity of national cultures and the differences in the diplomatic practice of international law among countries all make most existing academic literature on state immunity lack effective interpretation in theory and applicability in practice.Consequently,the horizontal basic categories of law are helpful to shape the primitive dogmatics for international law characterized with uncertainty and openness.From the perspective of Missouri v.China case,the theories of subjectivity,ontology and operation of jurisprudence are beneficial for detailed analysis of the legal status of the defendant,the legal system of state immunity and the methodology of its application.Through the interaction between theory and practice,the double jurisprudence of international law reveals the practical logic of the politicization of the exception rules of state immunity as well as the legalization of international political issues.Based on the dual nature of state sovereignty,shaping of the academic and discourse systems on the problem of state immunity will help China formulate a diplomatic roadmap to deal with US abuse of its proceeding rights and powers against China,thus to safeguard China's lawful rights and interests,and make great contributions to international peace and security.

关 键 词：国家主权的双重属性 国家主权豁免 司法管辖权 法律适用 

分 类 号：D992[政治法律—国际法学]