论GDPR数据跨境传输二元保护模式的选择  

The Selection of GDPR's Dual Protection Modes of Cross-Border Data Transmission

作　　者：刘业 Liu Ye

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院 [2]厦门大学法学院网络空间国际法研究中心

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2023年第3期16-30,共15页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：福建省社科基金省法学会专项课题“私人主体参与数据治理的法律障碍及制度供给研究”(FJ2021TWFB05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数据跨境流动会导致数据面临域外侵害的风险,因此,数据需要法律提供跨境保护。欧盟GDPR发展出以第3条为适用门槛的领土延伸模式与境外等效模式的跨境保护二元模式。领土延伸模式理论上可提供更高的保护标准,而境外等效模式在实际执行效果上更胜一筹。当存在两种模式同时适用的可能性时,一方面,从法律现实主义考量,短期内一国可优先选择适用境外等效模式;但另一方面,补强领土延伸模式实际适用的短板,应当成为一国长期努力的方向。据此,国内层面,我国应重点完善与域外管辖相衔接的代表制度,充分发挥代表制度在促进领土延伸模式域外适用的积极作用;国际层面,我国应积极参与数据保护的国际合作,通过与他国数据保护机构的协作切实保障领土延伸模式的落实。Cross-border data flow faces the risk of infringement of data rights and interests outside one state's territory,so cross-border data protection will be required.The EU GDPR has developed dual models of protection of cross-border data transmission:the territorial extension model and the extraterritoral equivalence model,which follow Article 3 of GDPR as the applicable condition.The territorial extension model can theoretically provide a higher standard of protection,while the extraterritoral equivalence model is better in practice.When there is a possibility that both models may be applied,on the one hand,the application of the extraterritoral equivalence model should be preferred from the perspective of legal realism;On the other hand,the practice of reinforcing the territorial extension model should be the direction of long-term.Accordingly,at the domestic level,we should concentrate on enhancing the representative system for its convergence to extraterritorial jurisdiction,and give complete play to the positive role of the representative system in facilitating the extraterritorial application of the territorial extension model;At the international level,we should actively participate in international cooperation on data protection and ensure the execution of the territorial extension model effectively through the cooperation with other countries'data protection authorities.

关 键 词：数据跨境保护 领土延伸模式 境外等效模式 代表制度 国际合作 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]