“法源理论”视野下的国际商事惯例:定性辨正与适用阐微  

International Commercial Usage from the Perspective of Sources of Law Theory:Analysis on Identification and Application

作　　者：王克玉[1] 李晨 Wang Keyu;Li Chen

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2023年第3期77-97,共21页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：国际商事惯例构成要件和效力来源从合一走向分离的历史嬗变决定了应将研究重心从空洞的概念主义之争转向实用的功能主义之路,避免继续深陷国际惯例是事实还是法律的理论争议泥潭。法理学“法源理论”的最新发展为重思国际惯例的性质提供了新的理论视角,国际商事惯例具有对法律推理大小前提之含义解释和漏洞补充的双重功能,但其本身既非降格为合同条款也无法升格为实证法律,宜将其视为构成裁判依据认知渊源的特殊规则体系,进而克服定性冲突对功能发挥造成的影响。我国《民法典》“国际惯例渊源条款”的缺失则为重构国际惯例的适用规则铺垫了现实契机,应从体例设置和内容修正两个维度双向发力,为未来国际商事惯例在中国的适用提供更为精细完备的法律依据。The historical evolution from unity to separation of the constitutive requirements and the source of effect of international commercial usages determines that the research focus should be shifted from the empty conceptualism to the practical way,avoiding the theoretical quagmire of whether international usages are facts or laws.The latest development of the theory of source of law in jurisprudence provides a new theoretical perspective for rethinking the nature of international practice.International commercial usage has the dual functions of explaining the meaning of the major and minor premises of legal reasoning and flling the loopholes,but it can neither be degraded to the terms of contract nor upgraded to positive law.It is better to regard it as a special system of rules that constitute the cognitive source of judgment,so as to overcome the influence of qualitative conflict on function.The absence of concerning clause on the source of international usage in Civil Code paves the way for the reconstruction of the applicable rules of international practice,which should be done from two dimensions including style design and content revision,so as to provide a more perfect legal basis for the future application of international commercial usage in China.

关 键 词：国际商事惯例 国际商法和国内法关系 国际惯例渊源条款 法源理论 

分 类 号：D997.4[政治法律—国际法学]