国际政治中的经验理性:本土实践与互动经验  

Empirical Rationality in International Politics:Local Practices and Experience of Interaction

作　　者：于阳 Yu Yang(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2023年第7期127-155,160,共30页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：国际政治中多元的本土实践是理论创新的源泉,这些带有情境特征的互动现象难以完全用普遍性规律进行恰当解释。基于对理论理性的反思,经验理性将互动经验纳入分析框架,关注本土实践中的非普遍性要素。经验理性理论认为,在某一情境内形成的互动经验将影响行为体在该情境内的下一次互动。互动经验在具体实践中生成,其内涵包括对互动对象角色身份的认识和互动技巧。前期互动生成的经验通过行为体默示的重复或将其具象化嵌入实践背景,进而影响行为体做出适应性行为。这种行为逻辑提供了一个解释本土实践的分析框架。以东亚本土实践为例,在中国与东盟有关南海问题的互动中,中国逐渐形成对东盟作为中立协调方的认识和多边内的灵活互动技巧,这些互动经验促使中国主动做出适应性行为,提出“双轨思路”并与东盟进行“南海行为准则”谈判。在亚太经济合作组织互动中,亚太地区相关大国意识到东盟不希望其区域合作中心的角色身份被弱化,并逐渐形成开放、非约束、渐进地推进自由化的互动技巧。这些互动经验引导亚太地区相关大国做出适应性行为,在亚太经济合作组织机制外发展出全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定及区域全面经济伙伴关系协定两条不同的经贸自由化路径。案例分析检验了经验理性的解释力,说明纳入具体互动经验的分析框架在一定程度上能够弥补普遍性理论解释本土实践的不足。Diversified local practices in international politics can be regardedasa source of theoretical innovation.These interactions with situational characteristics are often difficult to be properly explained by universal theories alone.Based on the reflection on theoretical rationality,empirical rationality includes the experience of interaction into its analytical framework with a focus on non-universal elements in local practices.Its basic logic is that the experience of interaction formed in a certain situation will have its influence on actors'next interaction in the same field.The interaction experience formed in practice includes two elements:the recognition of other actors'role identities and practical skills of interaction.Experience generated in early interactions will be embedded into the background of practice through tacit repetition(or sometimes reification),and then cause the actor to behave adaptively.The logic of empirical rationality provides an analytical framework for explaining local practices.Taking local practices in East Asia as examples,during the interaction between China and ASEAN on the South China Sea issue,China gradually formed the recognition of ASEAN's role identity as a neutral coordinator and a skill of flexible interaction on multilateral occasions,which constituted the interaction experience influencing China to actively adapt,initiated a“dual-track approach”and negotiated a“Code of Conduct in the South China Sea”with ASEAN.In the case of APEC,Asia-Pacific powers realized that ASEAN worried that its role identity as a center of regional cooperation might be weakened by APEC,and they gradually developed a skill of promoting trade liberalization in an open,unconstrained and gradual way.Guided by the interaction experience,Asia-Pacific powers adapted and developed two different paths of liberalization outside APEC.Case studies test the logic of empirical rationality,and indicate that an analytical framework including practical experience of interaction can make up for the drawb

关 键 词：经验理性 理论理性 本土实践 南海问题 亚太经济合作组织 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]