处置库概念设计比选评价研究初探  

Preliminary Considerations on Repository Conceptual Design Comparison and Evaluation Studies

作　　者：刘旭东 LIU Xudong(Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China;CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院,北京100029 [2]国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心,北京100029

出　　处：《世界核地质科学》2023年第S01期570-579,共10页World Nuclear Geoscience

基　　金：中国国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心基金项目“高放废物地质处置设施处置概念设计前期研究”(编号:CXJJ2110-2)资助。

摘　　要：按照“选址—地下实验室—处置库”的“三步曲”式研发战略,我国首个高放废物地质处置地下实验室已顺利开工建设。为了满足处置库选址阶段安全评价要求,同时为地下实验室实验设计提供支撑,发展适用于地下实验室场址的处置库概念设计已成为当前亟待开展的工作。各国处置库研发过程中,普遍采用系统方法对不同概念设计进行比较,以确认或完善其设计。本研究基于对瑞典、芬兰、美国和英国等国相关研究的调研,对比了不同国家处置库概念设计比选评价方法与评价准则,分析表明:各国相关研究具有形式严谨、评价分阶段、评价准则综合性强和决策具有灵活性等共同特征,同时,在比较前提、候选方案和评价因素等方面存在差异。基于调研分析结果,提出主要建议如下:1)借鉴国外相关研究经验,从长期性能与安全、工程技术,以及成本和场址有效利用三方面,建立我国处置库概念设计评价方法与评价准则。2)基于地下实验室场址条件和我国源项特征,开展概念设计比选评价研究,提出适用于地下实验室场址的处置库概念设计。In accordance with the three-step strategy,i.e.,‘Site selection-Undeground Research Laboratory(URL)-Deep Geological Repository(DGR)’,Chinas first underground research laboratory for high-level radioactive waste(HLW)disposal is current under construction.To provide the very basis of safety assessment for repository site selection,and to support URL experiment designs,theres an urgent need to develop repository conceptual designs that work in concert with the URL site.Systematic comparison among design alternatives are commonly applied at different stages in repository programs,in order to either confirm or enhance the reference design.Based on a comprehensive review of relevant studies in Sweden,Finland,US,and UK,the present work compares different methods and criterions for repository conceptual design comparison and evaluation.Different studies are found to share several features in common,in which,formal procedures,stepwise evaluation approaches,comprehensive evaluation criterions,and flexible decision-making processes are adopted.On the other hand,the compared studies differ in comparison premises,assumptions for design options,and evalution factors.Major outcomes of the present work are as follows:1)It is recommended to develop repository conceptual design evaluation method and criterion based on long-term performance and safety,technology,cost and effective site utilization;2)It is recommended to compare and evaluate different design alternatives based on URL site condition,and HLW inventory and charateristics in China,so that repository conceptual designs that works in concert with the URL site can be developed.

关 键 词：高放废物 地质处置 处置库概念设计 比选评价准则 

分 类 号：TL942[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]