引汉济渭工程初期运行调水区河道生态流量优化研究  

Ecological Flow Optimization in Water Diversion Area of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project during Initial Operation Period

作　　者：苟少杰 白涛[1] 李晓峰 魏健 慕鹏飞 黎光和 GOU Shaojie;BAI Tao;LI Xiaofeng;WEI Jian;MU Pengfei;LI Guanghe(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project Construction Co.,Ltd,Shaanxi province,Xi'an 710010,China;China Northwest Water Conservancy&Hydropower Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710100,China;Shaanxi Water Conservancy Electric Power Reconnaissance Design Research Institute,Xi'an 710001,China)

机构地区：[1]西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室西安理工大学,陕西西安710048 [2]陕西省引汉济渭工程建设有限公司,陕西西安710010 [3]中国水利水电建设工程咨询西北有限公司,陕西西安710100 [4]陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院,陕西西安710001

出　　处：《水文》2023年第4期57-63,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879213);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2019JLM-52);陕西省水利科技计划项目(2022slkj-2)。

摘　　要：针对跨流域调水工程等强人类活动对河道生态造成严重影响的实际问题,以引汉济渭工程为研究对象,建立并求解了工程运行初期多年调节水库三河口的中长期调度模型,设定了不同生态需水下的调度方案集,量化与评估了工程初期运行对供水与生态的满足情况,并推荐了最佳的调度方案与优化的生态流量过程。研究表明:(1)在生态需水为生态基流时(设计方案),供水与生态基流保证率均满足设计要求,验证了模型与方法的合理性;(2)在生态需水为适宜生态流量时,供水与生态基流保证率分别为65%、98%,表明供水与生态两者间呈竞争关系;(3)在生态需水为修正的生态流量时,供水与生态基流保证率分别为95%、100%,在满足供水目标的同时,河道内月平均流量较设计方案提高了47%,推荐该调度方案与生态流量过程为最佳方案与最优生态流量过程。研究成果对构建生态流域、提高跨流域调水工程的综合效益具有实际意义和应用价值。In response to the actual problems that strong human activities such as inter-basin water transfer projects have severely affected river ecology,the medium and long-term operation model of the three estuaries of the multi-year regulating reservoir at the initial stage of the project was established and solved by taking the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project as the research object.A set of scenarios under different ecological water demand constraints was set,quantifying and evaluating the satisfaction of water supply and ecology in the initial operation of the project,and recommended the best scheduling scheme and optimized ecological flow process.The results show that:(1)When the ecological water demand is the ecological base flow(design scheme),the guarantee rates of water supply and ecological base flow meet the design requirements,which verifies the rationality of the model and method;(2)When the ecological water demand is the appropriate ecological flow,the guarantee rates of water supply and ecological base flow are 65% and 98% respectively,indicating that there is a competitive relationship between water supply and ecology;(3)When the ecological water demand is the modified ecological flow,the guarantee rates of water supply and ecological base flow are 95% and 100% respectively.While meeting the water supply target,the monthly average flow in the river is increased by 47% compared with the design plan,Recommends the scheme and ecological flow process as the best scheme and the optimal ecological flow process.The research results have important practical significance and application value for the construction of ecological watersheds and the improvement of the comprehensive benefits of inter-basin water transfer projects.

关 键 词：中长期调度 生态流量过程 多方案比较 跨流域调水 保证率 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程] P33[天文地球—水文科学]