公共信用信息归集目录问题研究——以我国45个相关规范为样本  

Research on the Collection Catalog of Public Credit Information:A Sample of 45 Relevant Norms in China

作　　者：张路 胡秀菊 Zhang Lu;Hu Xiuju(School of Credit Risk Management,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学信用风险管理学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《征信》2023年第8期7-16,共10页Credit Reference

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20ZDA056);湖南省教育厅一般项目(21C0097)。

摘　　要：目前在全国与地方公共信用信息归集目录中,存在信用信息与非信用信息区分模糊,公共信用信息归集主体不明确、分类标准不统一以及公共信用信息各类别具体内容存在不合理性等问题。对此,应以“履行义务状态说”为社会信用的认定标准,明确“义务”应具有效力性、可评价性与明确性、责任的关联性与强制性,并以此标准明确“法”与“约”、“法定义务”与“约定义务”的范围,排除其他因素对社会信用认定的影响。同时,应以“国家机关和法律法规等授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织”为公共信用信息的归集主体,明确中国人民银行征信中心的公共属性。对于社会信用信息类型,应按“主体+职能或服务”的标准将其区分为公共信用信息与市场信用信息,而在公共信用信息归集目录中,则应坚持采用“基本信息、守信信息、失信信息和其他信息”的四分法进行分类与类型化。At present,in the national and local public credit information categorization catalogs,there are problems such as blurred distinction between credit information and non-credit information,unclear subjects and inconsistent classification standards of public credit information collection,and unreasonable specific contents of each category of public credit information.In this regard,we should use the“state of fulfillment”as the standard of social credit,clarify the validity,evaluability and clarity of“obligation”,the correlation of responsibility and mandate.And this standard should be applied to clarify the“law”and“contract”,the scope of“legal obligation”and“contractual obligation”excluding the impact of other factors on the recognition of social credit.At the same time,we should take“state organs and organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs”as the subject of public credit information collection,and clarify the public attributes of the credit reference center of the People’s Bank of China.The type of social credit information should be distinguished into public credit information and market credit information according to the standard of“subject plus function or service”.We should stick to the classification and typology of“basic information,creditworthy information,dishonesty information and other information”when it comes to the catalog of public credit information collection.

关 键 词：信用信息 公共信用信息 归集目录 法定义务 约定义务 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学] D64[政治法律—政治学]