低温焙烧改性—机械破碎分离回收废弃光伏电池  

Low Temperature Roasting Modification-Mechanical CrushingSeparation and Recycling of Waste Photovoltaic Cells

作　　者：王红雪 付元鹏 樊玉萍[1] 董宪姝[1] WANG Hongxue;FU Yuanpeng;FAN Yuping;DONG Xianshu(School of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2023年第9期51-57,88,共8页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202103021223045);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2022-062);国家自然科学基金-国际(地区)合作与交流项目(51820105006)。

摘　　要：废弃晶硅太阳能电池中胶膜材料EVA的改性是改善黏结体系解离效果、提高有价组分分离和浸出效率的关键。通过焙烧改性弱化EVA黏结行为,强化晶硅太阳能电池多组分选择性破碎特性,基于XRD、TG、SEM、ICP-OES分析了物料分布规律、EVA黏结弱化行为、解离效果及金属回收率。结果表明:破碎后背板材料分布在+0.5 mm粒级中,Al分布在-0.5+0.25 mm和-0.045 mm粒级中,Ag在-0.045 mm粒级中富集,Si分布在-0.5+0.25 mm和-0.075 mm粒级,不同组分的粒度分布差异显著。经300℃焙烧5 h后EVA的黏结程度降低,材料的解离程度增强,强化了破碎效果,破碎后细粒级组分产率提高15%;酸浸处理实现了不同组分逐级回收,Si、Ag和Al的回收率分别为83.26、87.11%和88.61%,研究工作对废弃晶硅太阳能电池高效资源化回收具有指导意义。The modification of EVA in waste crystalline silicon solar cells is the key to improve the dissociation effect of bond system,and separation and leaching efficiency of valuable components.EVA bonding behavior was weakened by roasting modification,and multi-component selective crushing characteristics of crystalline silicon solar cells were strengthened.Material distribution,EVA bonding weakening behavior,dissociation effect and metal recovery rate were analyzed based on XRD,TG,SEM and ICP-OES.The experimental results show that after crushing,the backplane material is distributed in+0.5 mm grain size,Al is in-0.5+0.25 mm and-0.045 mm grain size,Ag is in-0.045 mm grain size,Si is in-0.5+0.25 mm and-0.075 mm grain size,and the particle size distribution of different components is significantly different.After roasting at 300℃for 5 h,the bonding degree of EVA decreases,the dissociation degree of the material increases,and the crushing effect is enhanced.After crushing,the yield of fine fractions rises by 15%.The recovery of Si,Ag and Al is 83.26,87.11%and 88.61%,respectively.The research has important guiding significance for efficient recycling of waste crystalline silicon solar cells.

关 键 词：晶硅太阳能电池 焙烧 EVA黏结弱化 解离 选择性破碎 酸浸 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]