“汉廷老吏”是如何成就的——论诗评家虞集和他的诗学取向  

How to Become a Successful Poetry Critic:A Study of Poetry Critic Yu Ji and His Poetic Concepts

作　　者：武君 Wu Jun(Institute of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第5期136-146,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(19CZW023)。

摘　　要：虞集自比“汉廷老吏”,含蕴着理念意义上更高的诗学批评标准,透露出其作为诗评家所持的评诗姿态及所具的诗学素养、批评态度和思维模式。熟谙诗学是其展开批评的基础,虞集的诗学取径有两个方面:从技法使用探寻学诗的祖法对象;从创作主体性情涵养层面寻找学诗的精神典范。对理论问题的辨析是其批评态度、诗学立场的体现,他对“和平之辞难美”的断谳,是为元中期盛世之音寻找理论根据。以折中思维评诗非虞集特色所在,但他以折中之论主持诗坛风会,形成较为独特的诗学话语,则对元代诗学发展有重要意义。“汉廷老吏”之名即成就于他学诗、评诗及主盟诗坛之中。Being eulogized as“a brave warrior”,“a Tang person copying the calligraphy of the Jin Dynasty”,“a three-day bride”and“a Sophisticated Official of the Han Court”,Yu Ji's comments on the“Four Schools of the Yuan Poems”did not just list four style characteristics but offered a comparison of the aesthetic impressions of two kinds.In this way,the poetic advantage embodied in the“Sophisticated Official of the Han Court”is conveyed.The advantage was an elegant and eclectic standard for poetic criticism.Yu Ji compares himself to“a Sophisticated Official of the Han Court”,with the connotation of a metaphor of poems and persons,but the function of a metaphor in poems is transferred from the metaphor on persons,which is related to the specific poetic contexts since the Song and Yuan Dynasties,and it reflects the critic's critical attitude.Commenting on the poems from the perspective of being“a Sophisticated Official of the Han Court”needs the following three requirements,i.e.,first,the critics have high poetic literacy and are proficient in poetics;second,critics should take the initiative to assume the responsibility of“the suzerain of the literary world”and have a rigorous and serious attitude on criticism;the third is fairness.Therefore,Yu Ji compares himself to being“a Sophisticated Official of the Han Court”,which embodies three internal theoretical connections between his poetry criticism and poetics orientation:first,Yu Ji regards poetry learning as a piece of specialized knowledge,which is the basis for his poetic criticism,and learning poetry or learning poems in ancient times can also show the specific path of its poetic approach;the second is that Yu Ji,as the suzerain of the literary world,differentiates and analyzes the notion that“the speech of peace is difficult to be beautiful”,“and seeks a theoretical basis for the sound of the prosperous age”,which is also the embodiment of his critical attitude,poetic stand,and criticism method;the third is that Yu Ji's crit

关 键 词：虞集 汉廷老吏 诗评家 批评标准 诗学取向 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]