近代北京大学与北洋大学合并事件考论  

A Probe into the"Merger"of Peking University and National Peiyang University in Latter-Day China

作　　者：刘希伟[1] Liu Xiwei(College of Teacher Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,宁波315211

出　　处：《教育研究》2023年第7期57-65,共9页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年度教育学一般课题“现代大学思想的源流和影响”(编号:BOA200046)的研究成果。

摘　　要：北京大学与北洋大学合并事件是近代中国高等教育史上的一桩历史公案。1912年7月初,北洋政府教育部曾一度计划停办北京大学。全国临时教育会议后,教育部基于大学区规划提出合并北京大学与北洋大学计划。1913—1914年,教育部探索出两校合并方案:工科合并至北洋大学,法科合并至北京大学。1917年,北京大学启动改制,将工科合并至北洋大学成为其中一项重要改革内容。教育部借机重新推动1914年所探索的学科合并方案。两校学科合并事件,既与相关人物的大学观、大学区规划思想密切相关,又与当时国家财力困顿不无关系。学科发展讲求传承与积淀,对于办学历史长久的学科而言,不应轻易裁撤。学科文脉一旦被割断,不仅后来的学科重建可能面临重重困难,而且原来积淀的学科历史不易接续。还原两校合并事件来龙去脉,不仅有助于认识当时教育部关于大学发展的宏观规划,亦可为当今高水平大学的合并及学科调整提供一种历史观照。The merger of Peking University and National Peiyang University was a historical event in latter-day China's higher education.In early July,1912,the Ministry of Education of the Peiyang Government planned to stop running Peking University.After the interim national education conference,the Ministry of Education(MOE)planned to merge Peking University and National Peiyang University based on the university district project.From 1913 to 1914,the MOE explored a plan to merge the two universities:Engineering was merged into National Peiyang University,and Law was merged into Peking University.In 1917,Peking University initiated the institutional reform,and merged engineering into National Peiyang University,which was one of the important reforms.The MOE took the opportunity to re-promote the program of disciplinary merger explored in 1914.The merger of the two universities was closely related to not only relevant leaders'university concepts and the university district project,but also the financial difficulties of the country at that time.Disciplinary development stresses inheritance and accumulation;a discipline,especially one with a long history,should not be removed randomly.Once the context of a discipline is cut off,the subsequent disciplinary reconstruction is likely to face difficulties,and the previous history of the discipline cannot continue easily.The restoration of the context of the merger of the two universities helps us to understand the MOE's macro planning of university development at that time,and provides a historical reflection on the merger of today's high-level universities and the adjustment of disciplines.

关 键 词：北京大学 北洋大学 大学合并 大学改制 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] G649.29[历史地理—中国史]