群智范式:软件开发范式的新变革  

Crowd intelligence paradigm:a new paradigm shift in software development

作　　者：王怀民[1,2] 余跃 王涛[1,2] 丁博 Huaimin WANG;Yue YU;Tao WANG;&Bo DING(College of Computer,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;National Key Laboratory of Complex Critical Software Environment,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学计算机学院,长沙410073 [2]复杂关键软件环境全国重点实验室,长沙410073

出　　处：《中国科学：信息科学》2023年第8期1490-1502,共13页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：科技创新2030—“新一代人工智能”重大项目(批准号:2021ZD0112904);国家自然科学基金(批准号:62141209)资助项目。

摘　　要：软件开发作为人类当代独特的智力活动,经历了从作坊式的个体创作到工业化群体大生产,再由工业化群体大生产回归大规模群体创作的历史转变,产生了工程范式与开源范式两次变革.工程范式聚焦线性的确定性问题的软件开发,几乎放弃对不确定性问题的关注.开源范式全面拥抱不确定性,但对结果不做确定性承诺.本文面向软件定义一切的新时代,系统总结两次软件开发范式变革的核心规律,结合我们长期的研究与实践,提出软件开发群智范式,采用“群体智能”为本源的科学观、“宏观演化、微观求精”的核心理念,以及“两个联接、一个转化”的方法论,重新认识软件开发活动,为人机物三元共融的群智软件开发提供指导.As a unique intellectual activity of human beings,software development has experienced a historical transformation from individual creation models in workshops to well-organized groups of industrialized production models and large-scale group creation models,which represents two types of paradigm shifts(i.e.,the shift from the engineering paradigm toward the open source paradigm).The engineering paradigm concentrates on the software development of linear deterministic problems and almost pays no attention to uncertain problems,while the open source paradigm is appropriate for uncertain problems but does not make deterministic commitments regarding development results.This paper summarizes the key ideas of these two software development paradigms and proposes a new paradigm shift in software development,namely the crowd intelligence paradigm.This paradigm follows the scientific view of“crowd intelligence,”core concept of“macroevolution and microrefinement,”and methodology of“two connections,one transformation,”which would guide software development activities in the ternary human–cyber–physical universe.

关 键 词：软件开发 范式变革 工程范式 开源范式 群智范式 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]