我国油茶科技进展与未来核心技术  

Scientific and technological progress and future core technologies of oil tea Camellia in China

作　　者：陈永忠[1] CHEN Yongzhong(National Engineering Research Center for Oil Tea Camellia,Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院国家油茶工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2023年第7期1-22,共22页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000603);长沙市“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目(kq2102007);湖南省科技人才托举工程(2022TJ-Y02)。

摘　　要：油茶是重要的木本食用油料树种,有2000多年的栽培和利用历史。油茶果实制取的茶油是优质食用油,榨油后的副产物也有很好的开发利用价值,具备打造特色产业的巨大潜力。自2008年开启现代产业建设以来,科技创新起到了重要的引领作用,通过十几年发展,油茶产业初具规模,成为了我国大宗油料作物之一,在助力国家粮油安全和精准脱贫,促进乡村振兴和林业产业建设上,作出了重大贡献。本研究围绕油茶全产业链,系统总结了油茶生产利用各个环节的科学研究所取得的成就,概括了油茶基础研究,良种选育、丰产栽培、抚育和采收机械、鲜果剥壳和仓储物流、制油技术和综合利用等领域的研究进展和主要技术成果,分析了油茶科技创新中存在的问题与发展趋势,研究提出了油茶科技发展的未来核心技术,主要包括油茶高产高抗优质新品种定向培育、适用于油茶生产的自动化机械装备研发、油茶多功能的精准高效生态经营、以智能化信息为支撑的油茶融合发展、油茶全资源绿色加工增值利用和质量管控等。为我国油茶科技创新、引领产业发展提供技术基础并指明前进方向。Oil tea Camellia is an important woody edible oil species with a history of more than 2000 years of cultivation and utilization.The tea oil made from oil tea Camellia fruit is high-quality edible oil,and the by-products after oil extraction also have good development and utilization value,with great potential for creating characteristic industries.Since the beginning of modern industrial construction in 2008,scientific and technological innovation has played an important leading role.Through more than ten years of development,the oil tea Camellia industry has taken shape and become one of the bulk oil crops in China,making a significant contribution to national food and oil security and precise poverty alleviation,promoting rural revitalization and forestry industry construction.This paper summarized the achievements of scientific research on various aspects of oil tea Camellia production,outlined the research progress and main technical achievements in the fields of basic research,seed selection and breeding,productive cultivation,nurturing and harvesting machinery,fresh fruit shelling and storage logistics,oil production technology and comprehensive utilization of oil tea Camellia.Meanwhile,it analyzed the problems and development trend of oil tea science and technology innovation,and proposed the future core technologies for oil tea Camellia science and technology development,mainly including the directional cultivation of new high-yielding,high-resistance and high-quality varieties of oil tea Camellia,the research and development of automated machinery and equipment applicable to oil tea Camellia production,the multifunctional,precise and efficient ecological management of oil tea Camellia,the integrated development of oil tea Camellia supported by intelligent information,the value-added utilization and quality control of green processing of the whole resource of oil tea Camellia,etc.It provided the technical basis and pointed out the way forward for China’s oil tea Camellia science and technology innovatio

关 键 词：油茶 科技进展 核心技术 育种研究 丰产栽培 仓储物流 制油技术 综合利用 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]